Rise and Fall of Ancient Empires: Egypt, Nubia, and Assyria

1. First Age of Empires 1570 BC – 200 BC Ch 4

2. The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

3. When We Last Left Egypt • Middle Kingdom (2080-1640 BC) enriched Egypt through trade with Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley Civilization • Series of weak pharaohs weakened the country and left them vulnerable

4. Foreign Invaders • The weakened kingdom fell to Asiatic invaders called Hyksos. • The Hyksos used chariots which were unknown to the Egyptians

6. Hebrews in Egypt • Around 1650 BC, the Hebrews migrated to Egypt • Some scholars believe the Hyksos encouraged them to move there because they were racially similar • The Egyptians resented the Hebrews presence but were powerless to do anything

7. Expulsion and Slavery • Around 1600 BC a series of warlike rulers began to push the Hyksos out of Egypt • Queen Ahhotep and the next pharaoh, Kamose scored huge victories over the Hyksos and drove them across the Sinai Peninsula • According to some scholars the Hebrews remained and were enslaved by the Egyptians

9. The New Kingdom • The New Kingdom – period of Egyptian history following the expulsion of the Hyksos, from 1570 – 1075 BC • Using bronze weapons and chariots the Egyptians became conquerors

10. Hatshepsut • Hatshepsut- ruler of the New Kingdom who made herself around 1472 BC. • Strengthened the empire by encouraging trade rather than just waging war

11. Thutmose III • Thutmose III- much more warlike ruler during the New Kingdom • May have murdered Hatshepsut • Led a number of invasions into Palestine and Syria • Pushed farther south into Nubia- area that straddled the upper Nile River

13. An Age of Builders • Built grand buildings but chose to hide their tombs in the remote Valley of the Kings near Thebes

17. Ruled 1333- 1324 BC Tomb discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter King Tut

26. original pics

30. family treemore photosanimals

31. Ramses II • Ramses II – great builder of the New Kingdom • Ruled from approximately 1290 BC to 1224 BC • Temple to Amon-Re at Karnak • Temple at Abu Simbel • valley of the kings

33. Temple of Ramses II

37. Karnak

38. Abu Simbel

39. Empire Declines • After Ramses II died the Mediterranean region suffered a wave of invasions • “Sea Peoples” may have been the Philistines • Tribes within the empire rebelled

40. Kushites Conquer the Nile Region • Kush- Nubian kingdom to the South of Egypt along the Nile River • During the height of the New Kingdom the Egyptians forced their rule on Kush • Around 1200 BC Kush gained its independence as the New Kingdom began to fade

42. Piankhi • Piankhi- Kushite king who overthrew the Libyan dynasty that had been ruling Egypt in 751 BC • In 671 BC the Kushites were pushed back south by the Assyrians- invaders from southwest Asia

43. Golden Age of Meroe • After the loss to the Assyrians the Kushite royal family moved south to the city of Meroe near the Red Sea • With their location near the Red Sea and abundant natural resources like iron ore, Meroe became a center for trade and manufacturing • Meroe began to decline around 250 BC as other African cities became the center of trade

44. The Assyrian Empire Sec 2

45. Describe the geography of the fertile crescent and explain how it affected the lives of the people who lived there.

46. Assyria- Southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from 850 – 612 BC The empire was accomplished mainly through military strength Assyria

47. Rise of a Warrior People • Assyrians came from the flat, exposed open land of northern Mesopotamia • The Assyrians may have gained their warlike ways in response to frequent invasions from outsiders

49. Sennacherib- Assyrian king who bragged that he destroyed 89 cities and 820 villages Sennacherib