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Chapter 15 – 16 Circulation and Respiration

Chapter 15 – 16 Circulation and Respiration. The Circulatory System. 1. The Heart. Your heart is an organ made of cardiac muscle tissue. Your heart has four compartments called chambers. The two upper chambers are called the right and left atriums.

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Chapter 15 – 16 Circulation and Respiration

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  1. Chapter 15 – 16 Circulation and Respiration

  2. The Circulatory System 1 The Heart • Your heart is an organ made of cardiac muscle tissue. • Your heart has four compartments called chambers. • The two upper chambers are called the right and left atriums • The two lower chambers are called the right and left ventricles

  3. The Circulatory System 1 The Heart • The blood flows only in one direction from an atrium to a ventricle, then from a ventricle into a blood vessel. • The septum = a wall that separates the two atriums or the two ventricles. • It prevents blood from flowing in the wrong place Click box to view movie.

  4. The Circulatory System 1 The Heart • Scientist have divided the circulatory system into three sections – coronary circulation, pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation.

  5. Heart rate and activity Activity causes your heart rate to increase What does the mitochondria do? Mitochondria releases energy from food - sugar Why does the heart have more mitochondria? The heart never stops working and so it needs more energy

  6. The Circulatory System 1 Systemic Circulation • Oxygen- rich blood moves to all of your organs and body tissues, except the heart and lungs, by systemic circulation, and oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart.

  7. The Circulatory System 1 Systemic Circulation • Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to the body • Nutrients and oxygen are delivered by blood to your body cells and carbon dioxide and wastes are removed. • Finally, the blood returns to your heart in the veins

  8. The Circulatory System 1 Coronary Circulation Coronarycirculation, is the flow of blood to and from the tissue of the heart. A heart attack is when the coronary circulation is blocked. Oxygen and nutrients cannot reach all the cells of the heart

  9. The Circulatory System 1 Pulmonary Circulation • A. Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood : • from the heart to lungs and • back to the heart.

  10. The Circulatory System 1 Pulmonary Circulation

  11. Heart has four chambers Atri ums Valve is a one way passage in heart and vein Vent ricles

  12. Blood flow Foot Vein From Body – inferior vena cava right atrium – right ventricle pulmonary artery – LUNGS - pulmonary vein - To Body left atrium – left ventricle – aorta Hearts own blood

  13. Superior- above Right atrium Vena= vein right Inferior below

  14. artery vein heart

  15. P425 text What is this a model for? Why? me

  16. The Circulatory System 1

  17. The Circulatory System Capillary – smallest vessel that connects arteries to veins O2 & nutrients Artery Nutrient rich, oxygen rich capillary Vein Waste and carbon dioxide Co2 & waste

  18. Nutrients and oxygen to tissue, nutrients leaves capillary into tissues Waste and carbon dioxide, from tissue White = tissue Skin, muscle, Heart,etc

  19. Blood flow Foot Vein From Body – inferior vena cava right atrium – right ventricle pulmonary artery – LUNGS - pulmonary vein - To Body left atrium – left ventricle – aorta Hearts own blood

  20. The Circulatory System 1 How Materials Move Through the Body • Materials are moved throughout your body by your cardiovascular system. • The cardiovascular includes your heart, (kilometers of) blood vessels, and blood.

  21. The Circulatory System 1 How Materials Move Through the Body • Blood vessels carry blood to every part of your body. • Blood moves oxygen and nutrients to cells. • Blood carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away from the cells.

  22. Blood is like a train - it carries good stuff to the cells AND - it removes bad stuff

  23. Blood Parts of Blood • Blood is a tissue made of plasma, platelets and red and white blood cells. The liquid part of blood is mostly water and is called plasma. Nutrients, minerals, and oxygen are dissolved in plasma and carried to cells. • Cellular wastes are also carried in plasma

  24. Blood • Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a molecule, that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide. hemoglobin is madeof an iron compound that gives blood its red color. 2 Blood Cells

  25. Blood 2 Blood Cells Platelets help clot blood. Platelets are irregularly shaped cell fragments

  26. The Circulatory System 1 • At capillaries blood gives oxygen and nutrients to the tissues • At capillaries tissues gives carbon dioxide and waste products to the blood

  27. The Circulatory System • At capillaries blood gives oxygen and nutrients to the tissues • At capillaries tissues gives carbon dioxide and waste products to the blood

  28. The Circulatory System 1 Blood Vessels – Arteries • Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

  29. The Circulatory System 1 Arteries • Each ventricle of the heart is connected to an artery. • Every time your heart contracts, blood is moved from your heart into arteries. The aorta is the largest artery.

  30. The Circulatory System 1 Veins • Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. Veins have one way valves

  31. The Circulatory System 1 Veins • The superior vena cava returns blood from your head and neck. • The inferior vena cava returns blood from your abdomen and lower body.

  32. The Circulatory System 1 Capillaries • Nutrients and oxygen move (diffuse) into body cells through the thin capillary walls. • Waste materials and carbon dioxide leave (diffuse) from body cells into the capillaries.

  33. The Circulatory System 1 Capillaries • Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. • Capillary walls are only one cell thick.

  34. The Circulatory System 1 Cardiovascular Disease • Any disease that affects the cardiovascular system—the heart, blood vessels, and blood—canseriously affect the health of your entire body. • Heart disease is the leading cause of death,

  35. The Circulatory System Measuring Blood Pressure

  36. The Circulatory System 1 Blood Pressure • The force of the blood on the walls of the blood vessels is called blood pressure. • Blood pressure is: • highest in arteries • and • lowest in veins.

  37. Diseases of the Circulatory System Hypertension • Hypertension or high blood pressure • Blood pressure higher than normal puts extra strain on the heart.

  38. Diseases of the Circulatory System Atherosclerosis • Atherosclerosis - fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. • If a coronary artery is blocked, a heart attack can occur.

  39. Diseases of the Circulatory System 1 Heart Failure • Heart failure results when the heart cannot pump blood efficiently.

  40. The Circulatory System Preventing Cardiovascular Disease • Cardiovascular disease, can be prevented • by following a good diet and exercise. • Being over weight is associated with heart disease and high blood pressure. • Large amounts of body fat force the heart to pump faster.

  41. The Circulatory System 1 Preventing Cardiovascular Disease • Having a regular program of exercise can help prevent tension and relieve stress.

  42. The Circulatory System 1 Preventing Cardiovascular Disease • Not smoking is a major way to prevent cardiovascular • disease. • Smoking causes the heart to beat faster and harder.

  43. Blood 2 Functions of Blood Blood has four important functions. 1. Blood carries oxygen from your lungs to all your body cells. Your blood carries carbon dioxide to your lungs to be exhaled. 2. Blood carries waste products from your cells to your kidneys to be removed.

  44. Blood 2 Functions of Blood 3. Blood transports nutrients and other substances to your body cells. 4. Cells and molecules in blood fight infections and help heal wounds.

  45. Blood 2 Parts of Blood • Blood is a tissue made of plasma, platelets and red and white blood cells.

  46. Blood 2 Blood Cells • White bloods cells fight bacteria, viruses, and other invaders of your body. • These cells leave the blood through capillary walls and go into the tissues

  47. Blood 2 Blood Cells • Here, they destroy bacteria and viruses and absorb dead cells.

  48. Blood 2 Blood Clotting • When you cut yourself, platelets stick to the wound and release chemicals which produce fibrin. • (Then substances called clotting factors carry out a series of chemical reactions.)

  49. Blood This nettraps escaping blood cells and plasma and forms a clot. 2 Blood Clotting Fibrin forms a sticky net of threadlike fibers • Skin cells begin the repair process under the scab (after the clot is in place and becomes hard)

  50. Blood 2 Blood Clotting Disease Hemophilia is a genetic condition • In Hemophilia people’s plasma lacks one of the clotting factors that begins the clotting process. • A minor injury can be a life threatening problem.

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