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MINERALS

MINERALS. What is a mineral ?. Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Crystal shape Definite chemical composition. Natural crystals . Must be found in nature Ex. Cu, Au, SiO 2 (quartz) Crystal structure Like NaCl crystals. Inorganic. From a non-living Source (no fossils).

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MINERALS

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  1. MINERALS

  2. What is a mineral? • Naturally occurring • Inorganic • Solid • Crystal shape • Definite chemical composition

  3. Natural crystals • Must be found in nature • Ex. Cu, Au, SiO2 (quartz) • Crystal structure • Like NaCl crystals

  4. Inorganic • From a non-living Source (no fossils) Solid with a formula • Almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 • Not liquid (Hg) or gas (O2)

  5. How do I identify them? • Specific Gravity (density) • Color • Streak • Luster • Hardness • Other properties

  6. Specific Gravity • SG = ratio of mineral density to water (1.0 g/cm3) • is the same no matter the size of the mineral sample • Ex. Graphite 2.2 g/cm3

  7. Color & Streak • Some minerals can only be a certain color (sulfur) • Streak - color left when mineral is rubbed on unglazed porcelain • Ex. pyrite is golden but has a dark grey streak

  8. Luster • how light reflects off the mineral • metallic vs. non-metallic • Silky, glassy, dull, etc.

  9. Hardness • Mohs hardness scale goes from 1 – 10 • 1 ~ soft (talc) • 10 ~ hard (diamond)

  10. Special Properties • Glow under ultraviolet light (fluorite) • Magnetic (magnetite)

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