22 - 26 July 2002 Jamaica Kenneth Jabrand

1. A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 22 - 26 July 2002 Jamaica Kenneth Jabrand

2. Function Why do we have Circuit Breakers? • To switch transmission lines, transformers, cables, busbars etc. • Frequent switching of capacitor banks and reactor banks • To open an electrical circuit • To close/reclose an open circuit • And of course the most important to clear a fault to protect equipment and human life!

3. Technology Circuit Breaker Development …the seventies & the eighties …the eighties & the nineties …the sixties Air Blast Oil Minimum SF6 Gas

4. Technology Operating Energy ’85 Arc Assisted (Single Motion) ’94 Arc Assisted (Double Motion) Arc Assisted (Triple Motion) ’98 Interrupter Complexity Interrupter Technology Trends ’80’s • Focus on reduction of operating energy required Puffer • Goal achieved with single motion interrupters • Trend toward multi-motion, arc assisted interrupters by some manufacturers • Trade off of energy reduction forHIGHLY complex interrupter

5. Technology Reliability ’20’s on Pneumatic ’50’s on ’90’s Hydraulic Spring Mechanism Complexity Operating Mechanism Technology Trends ’10’s on • Spring operating mechanisms employed since the 1930’s Spring • Some manufacturers traditionally focused on pneumatic or hydraulic operating mechanisms • Current manufacturer trend towards spring operating mechanisms

6. New solutions Trend for 2000 and Beyond • Continue use of simple, robust single motion interrupters • Continued improvement of operating mechanisms • Origin of majority of circuit breaker faults • Simpler, more reliable without transferring unnecessarycomplexity to interrupter

7. New solutions Introduction of the MOTOR DRIVE! • SIMPLICITY • ONE moving part • INNOVATION • Full electronic control • Inherent monitoring • Future proof • PERFORMANCE • 10,000 + operations • Optimal travel curve • EXPERIENCE • Tap changers & MV A revolution in circuit breaker technology!

8. A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 Project History and Development Kenneth Jabrand

9. New solutions Motor Drive: Concept to product • Idea to drive circuit breaker with Motor in early 1990’s • Major hurdle existed for HV application • By 1994, electronics & electromagnets see significant gains in technology • Possible to use on MV

10. New solutions Motor Drive: Concept to product • By 1996, further gains in electronics & electromagnet technology • HV applications now a realistic possibility • Decision to pursue concept • 1998 sees first prototype verification tests • Proves concept is feasible • Product development begins

11. Technology Energy Transmission Control & Signaling Energy Release Energy Storage Energy Charging Today’s Circuit Breaker Drives • Energy transmission & release • Mechanical latch, linkage & damper • Reliable energy storage • Charged springs (constant, pre-set) • Energy charging • Motor charged close spring • Control & signaling • Discrete electromechanical limit & auxiliary switches • Safe operational control • Electro-mechanical interlocks • Discrete hard-wired control • Hard-wired • Mechanicallymodular

12. Benefits Benefits of Today’s Drive Technology  • Energy stored in springs • Constant energy • Consistent operating times • No maintenance • Few moving parts • Simplicity  Reliability • Modular core design • Adaptable to broad range • Common spare parts • Common operating principle • Robust, 10000 operation life   

13. Obstacles Limitations of Today’s Drive Technology  • Motor charged close springs • High short term battery loads • Trip springs • Fixed energy • Electro-mechanical latches • Precision mechanisms • Mechanical energy transmission • High impacts & dampers • Hard-wired, discrete controls • Limited flexibility & intelligence • Limited, pre-set functionality • Designed for general application     

14. Technology Energy Transmission Control & Signaling Energy Release Energy Storage Energy Charging Tomorrow’s Circuit Breaker Drives • Energy transmission & release • Single moving part for transmission • Controlled, electronic release • Adaptable to switching application • Energy charging & storage • Electrical  low-power maintenance • Control & signaling • Monitoring inherent to control system • Additional features for the future • Safe operational control • “Soft-wired”  Flexible • Inherent, on-line “Watchdogs” • Soft-wired • Electronicallymodular

15. Requirements Why Motor Drive in 2001? • Technology now makes it possible at an acceptable cost • Increased functionality compared to conventional drives • Same benefits • None of the limitations • Meets increasing Customer demands • Higher reliability • Low power demand • Flexibility • Monitoring

16. A REVOLUTION IN CIRCUIT BREAKER OPERATING MECHANISM TECHNOLOGY CARILEC 2002 A technological revolution for circuit breakers Kenneth Jabrand

17. Function What is Motor Drive? Energy Transmission Control & Signaling • A digitally controlled motor directly moving the circuit-breaker contacts • Advantages: • Only ONE (1) moving part • Programmed optimum contact travel • Robust, modular system • Continuous, active on-line monitoring • Very quiet • Low, stable power requirements EnergyRelease Energy Buffer Energy Charging System Overview System Demonstration

18. New solution LOW POWER FLOW HIGH POWER FLOW CONTROL SIGNALS MEASURMENT SIGNALS Motor Drive System Overview AC Capacitor Unit Converter Unit Charging Unit DC I/O Unit Motor Control Unit CLOSED Resolver 00099 mm I O Back to Start OPEN msec Programmed Breaker Contact Travel

19. Function Motor Drive System Demonstration AC Capacitor Unit Converter Unit Charging Unit DC I/O Unit Motor Control Unit CLOSED <<TRIP Resolver 00100 00099 I O mm Back to Start OPEN msec Breaker Contact Travel

20. Technology Motor Unit Energy Transmission • High torque, servo-motor • Only moving part in the Motor Drive • Integrated, precision position “resolver” • Low mechanical stress • Low noise level System Overview Previous Slide

21. Technology Converter Unit Energy Release • Transmits energy from Capacitor Unit to Motor Unit • Simple, electronic energy transmission • Uses proven industrial power electronics • Controlled via Control Unit System Overview Previous Slide

22. Technology Control Unit Energy Release • Stores & executes contact travel program • Interfaces via I/O Unit • Controls Motor via Converter • Checks Motor position via Resolver continuously • Feedback control algorithm • Contact travel program stored in robust EEPROM • Inherent monitoring System Overview Previous Slide

23. Technology Capacitor Unit Energy Buffer • Energy “buffered” in capacitor bank • Capacity without recharging • O - 0.3 s - CO • CO - 15 s - CO • Directly monitored • Modular installation package System Overview Previous Slide

24. Technology Charging Unit Energy Charging • Supplies Capacitor, Control and I/O Units • Redundant AC & DC supply inputs • Automatic switching to back-up supply • Alarm on supply failure • Stable, continuous power consumption < 60 W • No high transient loads! System Overview Previous Slide

25. Technology Input / Output Unit Control & Signaling • All signals to/from one interface • Programmable permissive logic • Standard DC voltage interface supported • “Plug & Play” module System Overview Previous Slide

26. Function Monitoring Control & Signaling • Motor Drive designed with integral active monitoring • NO extra hardware needed • ALL signals from one interface • Remote on-line “inspection” • Highest reliability for circuit- breaker and drive • Knowledge is security! System Overview Previous Slide

27. References Trial Installation 1: ENEL, Italy • PASS M0 with Motor Drive for 3-pole operation • Installed in ENEL’s Certaldo Substation near Tuscany • Installed 20 July, 2000 • Application: 145 kV line feeding transformer • Satisfactory performance to date System Overview Previous Slide

28. References Trial Installation 2: BirkaNät, Sweden • LTB 145D1/B with Motor Drive for 3-pole operation • Installed in BirkaNät Dalarna AB’s Blyberg Substation near Älvdalen • Installed 15 Nov., 2000 • Application: 132 kV line / transformer protection • Satisfactory performance to date System Overview Previous Slide

29. Performance Increased Functionality with Motor Drive • APPLICATION SCOPE FLEXIBLE platform for new functionality • CONTROLLED SWITCHING NEW application potential INTEGRATED control platform • MONITORING PLATFORM Inherent PROACTIVE monitoring Platform for EXPANDED data collection NO ”add-on sensors” needed • UPGRADESCOPE FUNCTIONALLY MODULAR design “Plug & Play” • SUBSTATION AUTOMATION BUILT with Automation Technology System Overview Previous Slide

30. Performance Increased Performance with Motor Drive • RELIABILITY ONE (1) moving part LOW reaction forces • MAINTENANCE NO lubrication NO wearing mechanical components INTEGRATED, ACTIVE system monitoring • CONSISTENCY Digitally DRIVEN contact travel • AUXILIARY PLANTNEEDS Less than 100 W STABLE energy draw • ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT Very LOW operation noise NO oil LOW auxiliary power consumption System Overview Previous Slide

31. Motor Drive Solution for ALL HVCB Applications • Motor Drive will be implemented in ALL ABB high voltage circuit-breaker applications • Live Tank Circuit-Breakers • Dead Tank Circuit-Breakers • GIS • PASS • Compact & COMPASS • Combined • Generator Circuit-Breakers