The Eisenhower Presidency

1. The Eisenhower Presidency Chapter 27: The Enduring Vision

2. Guiding Questions • 1.) In what ways did Eisenhower continue Truman’s foreign policy, and in what ways did he change it? • 2.) How successfully did Eisenhower accomplish his foreign policy goals? • 3.) What were the main sources, and consequences, of economic prosperity in the 1950s? • 4.) How accurate is the image of the 1950s as a period of conservatism and conformity? • 5.) What strategies did minorities adopt in order to gain greater equality in the 1950s, and how successful were they?

3. Dynamic Conservatism • Eisenhower’s Approach • The “Big Picture” • Government Reduction • Federal Budget Cuts • “Modern Republicanism”

4. Modern Republicanism • Minimum Wage • Public Housing Projects • The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare • The Federal Highway Act

5. Civil Rights • Brown V Board of Education of Topeka (1954) • Thurgood Marshall • Linda Brown • Chief Justice Earl Warren • Results of the trial • Thurgood Marshall with James Nabrit Jr. and George E.C. Hayes after their victory in the Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court, May 17, 1954.

6. Civil Rights • The reaction of the “border states” • The reaction of the Deep South • Public Opinion on the Brown ruling • Integration Efforts

7. Civil Rights • Central High School (Little Rock, Arkansas) • Governor Orval Faubus • The Little Rock Nine • Eisenhower’s Reaction • The Role of Television

8. Eisenhower and the Cold War • The Death of Stalin (1953) • The Arms Race (H-Bomb 1953) • Foster Dulles • Massive Retaliation • Brinkmanship

9. The Cold War • Eisenhower’s “Atoms of Peace” plan • The Distant Early Warning Line • “over the pole” route • Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center

10. The Geneva Summit • Geneva (1955) • “peaceful coexistence” • The “spirit of Geneva” • Eisenhower’s “New Look”

11. Eisenhower’s use of the CIA • The role of the CIA • “covert action” • “Operation Ajax” • Shah Reza Pahlavi

12. The Middle East • Gamal Nasser • US Financial Assistance to Egypt • Czechoslovakia • The Suez Canal

13. The Suez Crisis • The British Response • The Response of the United Nations • The Eisenhower Doctrine

14. Problems in the Third World • Cuba • Fidel Castro • Nikita Khrushchev • The U-2 Spy Plane Incident

15. The Affluent Society • John Kenneth Galbraith • The Affluent Society • America’s Standard of Living • A “people of plenty” • Average Incomes

16. The New Industrial Society • Federal spending • Defense Industries • Research and Development • The Electronics Industry • Petroleum Prices • Aerospace Programs

17. Computers in American Society • Computer Technology • Computer Use • War Games

18. America’s Changing Labor Force • Blue Collar Jobs • White Collar Jobs • A “postindustrial” society • “organization man”

19. Prosperity • Credit Cards • Advertising Companies • Car Sales • Home sales • “Suburbia”

20. The Baby Boom • Economic Prosperity • New Medicines • Dr. Benjamin Spock • Baby and Child Care

21. Women of the 1950s • Domesticity • The “natural” role of women • Television, newspapers, and magazines

22. Religion in America • Billy Graham • Movies and Music • “Dial a Prayer” • Eisenhower’s Reflection on Religion in America • “The American Way of Life”

23. The culture of the fifties • Movie Attendance • Television sales • ABC, CBS, and NBC • Advertisements • TV Dinners • TV and Politics

24. Poverty in America • The Poverty Line • Children of poverty • The shrinking tax base

25. A struggle for Justice • Rosa Parks • Martin Luther King JR • The Montgomery Bus Boycott • King’s nonviolent approach • The Southern Christian Leadership Conference

26. The Space Race • Sputnik I and II • The Missile Gap • The Vanguard • “Flopnik” • NASA • New Education Policies • The Military Industrial Complex