Warm up: Images Notes on: United States in WWI Closing Activity: Quotes Review

Warm up: ImagesNotes on: United States in WWIClosing Activity: QuotesReview

Images – Don’t Put these in your Notebook! They are for discussion!

U.S. Enters War -Peace without Victory – a peace b/n equals – neither side would get harsh terms -idealistic peace plan – optimistic that all countries would agree and the war would just stop -Submarine warfare continues -Zimmerman Note intercepted -Wilson calls for War “War to make world safe for democracy” -Russian Revolution takes them out of the war – replaced monarchy with a representative govt.

Military Operations -Only 200,000 men in service when we begin to mobilize - Selective Service Act drafted over 3 million troops – Men must register w/ the govt. to be randomly selected. 24 million will register, 2 million will reach Europe before treaty was signed -recruits trained for 8 months – 17 hr. days – target practice, bayonet drill, kitchen duty, & clean up – drilled w/ fake weapons – rocks instead of grenades, wooden poles instead of rifles

Military Operations -transportation problems – must get men, food, and equipment over the ocean safely gov’t control of industry – shipyard industry use of convoy system – heavy guard of destroyers to escort merchant ships back and forth

Military Operations -”Over There” – where we’re fighting -”Dough Boys” – White belt that were cleaned with pipe clay – “dough” – refreshed/boosted Allies Morale -General John Pershing - led AEF – American infantry American Expeditionary Force -Argonne Forest Campaign – Offensive strategy for taking on Germany -Alvin York-American Hero – w/ six fellow soldiers they – killed 25 Germans, took 132 prisoners -Armistice Nov. 1918 – A.H. surrenders and German military stages revolution – exhausted from conflict no battles fought in Germany

Fighting Over There -most U.S. soldiers were not experienced travelers Paris was sophisticated and left vivid impressions, but so did the horrors of war -huge cannons, Zeppelins, machine guns, poison gases, tanks, airplanes New weapons in battle that astonished American soldiers -poor medical care shell shock, trench foot, SS- caused by battle fatigue – complete emotional collapse. TF – Standing in cold wet trenches w/o changing into dry boots or socks – toes turn blue or red, become numb and start to rot

Preparing for War -War Industries Board 1917 – reorganized in 1918 – led by Baruch – encourage companies to use mass production techniques. Standardized products to eliminate waste. Applied price controls

Preparing for War -Conservation efforts – Gospel of Clean Plate – 1 day meatless, another sweetless, 2 days wheatless, and two days porkless

Preparing for War Victory Gardens – Gardens in public parks tended by students to send to the Allies

Preparing for War Daylight Savings Time Started in an effort to conserve fuel and save on electricity

Preparing for War -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes Two ways for the government to finance the war – “A Friend of Germany” would refuse to buy war bonds.

Public Opinion -Committee on Public Information – propaganda agency – biased communication intended to influence people’s thoughts. George Creel – head of CPI – former muckraker 4 Minute Men – meant to go speak on everything relating to the war. “I want You” Campaign James Montgomery Flagg- inspired by British poster thought to have a finger pointing Uncle Sam

Public Opinion --Anti-immigrant sentiment Increases again – concept of nativism reemerging -Espionage and Sedition Act - Fine up to $10,000 and 20 yrs. In jail for interfering in war effort or saying anything against the govt. Schenck v. United States- Socialist Party Leader – distributed leaflets against the draft – sentenced to jail time, upheld by Supreme Court – war time conditions suspend 1st Amendment rights

Social Changes -African Americans Great Migration brought increased opportunities – Large-scale movement of hundred of thousands of Southern Blacks to Northern Cities Civil Rights Debated?? With segregated forces overseas, opportunities for jobs in the North and literature being printed against lynching -Women took the jobs left by many men 19th Amendment was passed

Epidemic -World War brought disease to a new level -large groups of people were exposed -Influenza (flu) outbreak of 1918 spread all over the world -1/4 of the U.S. fell victim and ½ million died -as many as 40 million dead worldwide cities shut down, poor dead unburied, no services – churches rang bells to signal a death, but would not hold services for proper burials

“The present war must first be ended; but we owe it to candor and to a just regard for the opinion of mankind to say that, so far as our participation in guarantees of future peace is concerned, it makes a great deal of difference in what way and upon what terms it is ended.” President Wilson • “Work or Fight” National War Labor Board • “It is not an army we must train for war, it is a nation.” President Woodrow Wilson • “Whoever, when the United States is at war…shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States…shall be punished…” Congressional Act, 1918

“it is extremely dangerous to exercise the constitutional right of free speech in a country fighting to make democracy safe in the world.” Eugene V. Debs • “Once lead this people into war and they’ll forget there ever was such a thing as tolerance…Conformity would be the only virtue, and every man who refused to conform would have to pay the penalty.” President Woodrow Wilson • “Let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy.” W.E.B. DuBois

Quiz World War I , Wilson’s New Freedom, and Progressive Politics and the Election of 1912

Slogan used by Wilson as he reluctantly asked Congress for war in 1917?

This term was a nickname given to the fresh American troops in Europe?

This was the term for the fighting in Europe?

The Supreme Court legalized the restrictions of the Espionage and Sedition Act with this test phrase used in the court’s ruling?

Name these areas where people were encouraged to grow their own food so they could conserve for the war effort?

What was the name of the American military units that were sent to fight in WW I?

Name the law which began the draft system?

The war was paid for by the government issuing these?

This event is when large numbers of African Americans first began to move north into cities during the war looking for work?

Name the idealistic plan for peace that was called for by President Wilson as a method to prevent another such war?

Warm up: Images Notes on: United States in WWI Closing Activity: Quotes Review