PARTS of SPEECH

1. PARTS of SPEECH Grammar Unit 1 noun verb gerund inifinitive adjective adverb pronoun preposition conjunction interjection

2. Noun • Nouns Exist • Person • boy • Place • beach • Thing • pail

3. Noun • A noun or The noun • Person • The boy • Place • A beach • Thing • An orange

4. Noun • Nouns can often be Counted • Oneboy • Two grandmas • Sevenseas • Twelvemonths • A dozen oranges • 24 hours

5. Noun • Person: Proper or Common noun • Carlotta, Mrs. Brooks, Dr. Jong … • Dr. Jong practices acupuncture. (capitalize proper nouns) • the doctor, the girlfriend, my mother … • I had an appointment with my doctor.

6. Noun • Place: Proper or Common • Hopkins High School, the Royals … • Hopkins High School is a school of excellence. • (capitalize proper nouns) • the high school, a store, my soda… • I love this high school.

7. Noun • Thing: Objector Idea • table, window, figurine, storm … • The table broke. • wealth, love, indignation, personality, fairness, unity, commitment … • She accumulated a great deal of wealth. • The group’s unity was obvious. (Can you put it in your pocket?)

8. Linking Verbs Subject is described by a noun or adjective Verb • Grandmaiswealthy. • They are singers. • She was a lawyer. • They were late. • He will befamous. • I am a generous person. • Bingo has beensick. Subject = Noun or Adj IS ARE WAS WERE BE AM BEEN

9. Linking Verbs Be and Been need additional linking verbs Verb Subject = Noun or Adj HAS HAVE HAD • He will befamous. • He could befamous. • Bingo has beensick. • Bingo had beensick. WOULD SHOULD COULD MIGHT WILL SHALL CAN MAY • He might have been famous. • He has had lots of fame. • Bingo maybe sick. • Bingo should have been sick.

10. Action Verbs The subject is doing something Verb • I run. • Mina runs. • Juan ran. • The track star is running. • The leopard has run a mile. • Bingo had been running. • They will run. • He would haverun.

11. Gerund • A kind of Noun • Verb + ing = Gerund • replace with “this activity” • Abdi and Beth love running. • Everyone should try reading for pleasure. • put a possessive noun in front • Ms. Gotschell’s teaching should improve each year. • Deeply Royal’s dancing was outstanding at the pep fest.

12. Gerund or Verb? • Be careful! • Verb + ing = Verb • I am break dancing. (I amdoingsomething.) • Verb + ing = Gerund • I enjoy break dancing. (an activity – a noun – a thing).

13. Adjective • Tells more about Nouns • Ask: • What kind of noun? • gentle bear • mother bear • What color noun? • white bear • brown bear • How many nouns? • onebear • seven bears • sixty bears • 200 bears

14. Adverb • Tells more about Verbs • Ask: • Howdid it verb? • News travelsfast. • The report wentbeautifully. • Whendid it verb? • They performedyesterday. • Their costume change happenedquickly. • Where did it verb? • She practicedanywhere. • The drummer liveslocally.

15. Adverb • Tells more about Adverbs • Ask: • How adverbwas it? • The turtle moved tooslowly. • The the rabbit ran sogracefully. • My first day went quitewell. • The group played veryloudly.

16. Adverb • Tells more about Adjectives • Ask: • How adjectivewas it? • The race was veryexciting. • The paintings are sobeautiful. • The star is quitebright. • The band was incrediblyloud.

17. Personal Pronouns Basic List He She It I You We They Pronoun • Other Pronouns • Him, his, himself • Her, hers, herself • Its, itself • Me, mine, myself • Your, yours, yourself • Us, our, ourselves • Them, their, theirs, themselves

18. ? Indefinite Pronouns Ask: Who? (but we won’t know for sure) Basic List Someone Everyone Anyone Noone Pronoun ? ? • Other Suffixes • -body • -place • -where • -thing • -time Ask Who What Where

19. Preposition • Askwhere? • on • under • through • beside • around • near • to • next to • around • inside of • against • between • up • down • aboard • across • along • beyond • toward • within • out of

20. Preposition • Ask when? • before • after • until • since • during • at • around

21. Preposition • Ask what is the relationship? • by • for • to • with • about • because of

22. Prepositional Phrase • Preposition+ Noun • on the log • through the woods • after the storm • during dinner • by the author • with my mom

23. Infinitive • A kind of Verb Phrase • To + Verb = Infinitive • Put “I like” in front • I like to run. • I like to write letters. • I like to read. • I like to sing.

24. Prepositional Phrase or Infinitive? • Be careful! • To + verb = Infinitive • to write • To + noun = Prepositional Phrase • I gave the letter to Mom. • Frodo is coming to my house. • Harry was stuck to the wall.

25. Coordinating Conjunctions Connect two or more sentences Must use a comma Must have two subjects on either side The wind blew, andmy scarf flew away. Either you can catch it, or you can buy a new one. We were late, but they let us in anyway. Conjunction

26. Conjunction • Subordinating Conjunctions • Fragment, but has subject & verb • Begins a Dependent Clause • NeedsIndependent Clause • I was sad because the car ran over her. • Take me with you if you go to see how she’s doing. • Whenever I think of Lassie, I cry.

27. Interjection • Show reaction or emotion • Not necessary to the sentence • An alternative to swearing • Ouch! That hurt! • You did not! No way! • Heck, I made the shot! Cool!

28. THE END Grammar Unit 1 noun verb gerund inifinitive adjective adverb pronoun preposition conjunction interjection