Review for Midterm

1. Review forMidterm

2. name age ssn address date qty prescribes Patients price tradeName Drugs name specialty formula ssn exp_year stDate address name phone isContracted Makes endDate Doctors Pharmacies name txt PharmCo phone super Problem 2.7 HasPriPhy Sell

3. Relational Database Schema Doctors(ssn:integer,name:string, specialty:string,year_exp:integer) PK: ssn Patients(ssn:integer,name:string,age:integer,address:string,ssnDoctor:integer) PK: ssn FK: ssnDoctor references Doctors Pharmacies(name:string, phone:integer, address:string) PK: name PharmCo(name:string, phone:integer) PK: name Drugs(tradeName: string,formula:string,pharmCoName: string) PK: pharmCoName, tradeName FK: pharmCoName references PharmCo Prescribes(ssnPatient:integer, ssnDoctor:integer, pharmCoName: string , tradeName:sring, date:date, qty:integer) PK: FK: ssnPatient references Patients ssnPatient,ssnDoctor,pharCoName,tradeName FK: ssnDoctor references Doctors FK: (pharCoName,tradeName) referencesDrugs Sells(pharmCoName: string, tradeName: string, pharmacyName: string , price:float) PK: pharmCoName,tradeName,pharmacyName FK: (pharmCoName,tradeName) references Drugs FK: pharmacyName references Pharmacies Contracts(pharmCoName: string,pharmacyName: string , startDate:date, endDate:date, text:string, supervisor:string) PK: pharCoName,pharmacyName FK: pharmCoName references PharmCo FK: pharmacyName references Pharmacies

4. Each faculty is assigned to exactly one office room. An office room is assigned to at least one faculty. Is the following E-R diagram correct? If your answer is NO, indicate what is wrong in this E-R diagram. Faculty Office AssignedTo Answer: Correct!

5. Faculty Classes teaches A faculty teaches at most three classes, but a class is taught by exactly one faculty. Is the following E-R diagram correct? If your answer is NO, indicate what is wrong in this E-R diagram. Answer: NO • Total participation of Faculty w.r.t teaches. • Key Constraint on Faculty w.r.t teaches. • Partial participation of Classes w.r.t teaches.

6. Each faculty schedules office hours in exactly one office room at a weekday and time, and this information must be recorded. An office may be assigned to several faculties’ office hours at different days and times. All offices are assigned to faculty’s office hours. In the following E-R Diagram, complete the dashed lines to reflect the appropriated participation and key constraints. Time Faculty Office scheduled WeekDay

7. Each faculty schedules office hours in exactly one office room at a weekday and time, and this information must be recorded. An office may be assigned to several faculties’ office hours at different days and times. All offices are assigned to faculty’s office hours. In the following E-R Diagram, complete the dashed lines to reflect the appropriated participation and key constraints. Time Faculty Office scheduled WeekDay

8. Each faculty schedules office hours in exactly one office room at a weekday and time, and this information must be recorded. An office may be assigned to several faculties’ office hours at different days and times. All offices are assigned to faculty’s office hours. In the following E-R Diagram, complete the dashed lines to reflect the appropriated participation and key constraints. Time Faculty Office scheduled WeekDay

9. Problem 4.2 Given two relations R1 and R2, where R1 contains N1 tuples and R2 contains N2 tuples, with N2>N1>0, give the minimum and maximum possible sizes (in tuples) for the resulting relation produced by each of the following relational algebra expressions. In each case, state any assumptions about the schemas for R1 and R2 needed to make the expression meaningful.

11. Suppose R1 and R2 are multisets of tuples (rows); • N1 = number of copies of a tuple t in R1; • N2 = number of copies of a tuple t in R2. What’s the number of copies oftin R1UNION ALLR2 ? Answer:N1+N2

12. Suppose R1 and R2 are multisets of tuples (rows); • N1 = number of copies of a tuple t in R1; • N2 = number of copies of a tuple t in R2. What’s the number of copies oftin R1INTERSECT ALLR2 ? Answer: min{N1,N2}

13. Answer: • Suppose R1 and R2 are multisets of tuples (rows); • N1 = number of copies of a tuple t in R1; • N2 = number of copies of a tuple t in R2. What’s the number of copies oftin R1EXCEPT ALLR2 ?

14. Problem 4.4 Consider the following schema: Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) The Catalog relation lists the prices charged for Parts by Suppliers. State what the following queries compute.

15. Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) Answer: Find the Supplier names of the suppliers who supply a red part that costs less then 100 dollars.

16. Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) Answer: This Relational Algebra statement does not return anything because of the sequence of projection operators. Once the sid is projected, it is the only field in the set. Therefore, projecting on sname will not return anything.

17. Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) Answer: Find the Supplier names of the suppliers who supply a red part that costs less than 100 dollars and a green part that costs less than 100 dollars.

18. Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) Answer: Find the Supplier ids of the suppliers who supply a red part that costs less than 100 dollars and a green part that costs less than 100 dollars.

19. Suppliers(sid:integer, sname:string, address:string) Parts(pid:integer, pname:string, color:string) Catalog(sid:integer, pid:integer, cost:real) Answer: Find the Supplier names of the suppliers who supply a red part that costs less than 100 dollars and a green part that costs less than 100 dollars.

20. (1) Find the ssn of faculty who are currently teaching courses taught by faculty of several departments. (2) Find the ssn of faculty who are not currently teaching any courses of his/her department. (3) Find the ssn of faculty who are currently teaching courses taught only by faculties of his/her department. (4) Find the ssn of faculty who are currently teaching some course of his/her department. (5) Find the ssn of faculty who are currently teaching exactly one course. select F.SSn from Class Co, Faculty F where F.Ssn = Co.Instructor- SSn and not exists (select * from Class C, Faculty F1 where Co.D-code = C.D-code and Co.C-no = C.C-no and C.Instructor-SSn = F1.Ssn and F1.D-code != F.D-Code);

21. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) • Employees relation describes pilots and other kinds of employees as well; • Every pilot is certified for some aircraft (otherwise, he/she would not qualify as a pilot); • Only pilots are certified to fly. Write the following queries in relational algebra and SQL.

22. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Find the aids of all aircrafts that can be used on non-stop flights from Bonn to Madrid. SELECT A.aid FROM Aircraft A, Flight F WHERE F.from=‘Bonn’ AND F.to=‘Madrid’, AND A.cruisingrange >=F.distance

23. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Identify the flights (flno) that can be piloted by each pilot whose salary is more than $100,000. SELECT F.flno FROM Aircraft A, Certified C, Employees E, Flight F WHERE E.eid=C.eid AND C.aid=A.aid AND F.distance<=A.cruisingrange AND E.salary>100,000

24. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Find the names of pilots who can operate planes with a range greater than 3,000 miles but are not certified on any Boeing aircraft.

25. Find the names of pilots who can operate planes with a range greater than 3,000 miles but are not certified on any Boeing aircraft. Another solution using EXCEPT: SELECT E.ename FROM Employees E WHERE E.eid IN ((SELECT C1.eid FROM Certified C1, Aircraft A1 WHERE A1.aid=C1.aid AND A1.cruisingrange>3000) EXCEPT (SELECT C2.eid FROM Certified C2, Aircraft A2 WHERE A2.aid=C2.aid AND A2.aname=‘Boeing’))

26. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Find the eids of employees who make the highest salary (RA only). The approach to take is: first find all employees who do not have the highest salary. Subtract these from the original list of employees and what is left is the highest paid employees.

27. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Find the eids of employees who make the second highest salary (RA only). The approach is similar to the previous one. First find all employees who do not have the highest salary. Remove these from the original list of employees and what is left is the highest paid employees. Remove the highest paid employees from the original list. What is left is the second highest paid employees together with the rest of the employees. Then find the highest paid employees of this new list. This is the list of the second highest paid employees.

28. Flight(flno:integer, from:string, to:string, distance: integer, departs:time, arrives:time) Aircraft(aid:integer, aname:string, cruisingrange:integer) Certified(eid:integer, aid:integer) Employees(eid:integer, ename:string, salary:integer) Find the eids of employees who make the second highest salary (RA only).

29. Material for you to get ready for Midterm… • Sample Midterm (with solutions); • Solutions of HW1, HW2, HW3; • You should: • Review the lectures’ slides and hws; • Do the readings in the textbook; • Do exercises at the end of chapters.