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Review for Midterm 8th

Review for Midterm 8th. Density . D = m/v = g/cm 3 or g/ml or g/cc The amount of matter in a specific volume. All densities are compared to water that has a density of 1 If an objects density is greater than 1 it will sink in water Less than 1 it will float

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Review for Midterm 8th

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  1. Review for Midterm 8th

  2. Density • D = m/v = g/cm3 or g/ml or g/cc • The amount of matter in a specific volume. • All densities are compared to water that has a density of 1 • If an objects density is greater than 1 it will sink in water • Less than 1 it will float • 3. The density of an irregular shaped object is measured using water displacement for the volume and a scale for the mass.

  3. Liquid densities and separation

  4. Physical change • Any change that does not alter the chemical properties of a substance. • Examples: • Water freezing • Water boiling • Crushing paper • Cutting wood

  5. Chemical change • Any change that changes the chemical properties of a substance. • Examples: • Burning of wood • Rusting of metal • Formation of a precipitate • Formation of a gas (vinegar and baking soda)

  6. Solids, Liquids and gases • Solids • particles are close together, are ordered and vibrate. • Particles have Strong attraction for each other • Specific shape and volume • Liquids • Particles are father apart, less ordered and sliding over each other • Specific volume no specific shape • Particles have weak attraction to each other • Gases • Particles very far apart, not ordered and moving very fast • No specific volume or shape • Particles have virtually no attraction to each other

  7. solubility • Solute : is dissolved in a solvent • Solvent : dissolves the solute. • Example: salt dissolved in water • Insoluble means a solute will not dissolve in a solute.

  8. Factors affecting solubility • Temperature : increase speeds solubility in all but gases. Decrease slows in all but gases. Gases are more soluble at low temperatures. • Crushing : speeds solubility by increasing surface area which is to make more of the solute come in contact with the solvent. • Stirring : adds energy (mechanical ) to the solution making contact between the solute and solvent speed up. • Pressure : speeds up solubility of gases in a liquid

  9. Solutions • Unsaturated : holds less then the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature. • Saturated : holds the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature. • Super Saturated : holds more than the maximum amount of solute at a specific temperature.

  10. Solubility curves

  11. Acids and bases

  12. Neutralization reaction between acids and bases • Always produce salts and water.

  13. Heat and heat transfer • Conduction: passage of heat through a solid medium. The best conductors of heat are metals. • Convection: heat is transferred in a liquid or a gas. • Radiation: no medium is required to transfer heat. (example sun to the earth)

  14. energy • Potential energy : stored energy released as Kinetic energy. • Kinetic energy :Energy of motion. Can be a release of stored energy or potential energy

  15. Forms of energy • Mechanical : movement. Running , walking or riding a bike • Chemical : stored energy in chemicals. Food, Gasoline or diesel fuel. • Electrical energy : can come from mechanical or chemical energy. Involves the movement of electrons. • Nuclear Energy : energy derived from atoms. Fusion of atoms (the sun) or Fision of atoms (atomic Bomb). • Electromagnetic energy/sound energy /light energy: energy in the form of waves. X-rays, microwaves and radio waves. • Thermal energy : all matter has thermal energy or heat. It is all relative. Thermal energy is based on mass and temperature. For example a glacier has more thermal energy than a camp fire.

  16. Fossils fuels • Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources that are a result of decaying organisms over millennium. They cause pollution in most if not all cases.

  17. Renewable resources • Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced.

  18. Green house effect from co2

  19. Forces

  20. Forces

  21. forces

  22. forces • Balanced = no net movement • Unbalanced = movement

  23. Forces as vectors • 20N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30N • ------------------------------------ • Direction of force at 10 N • We can either subtract forces or add them • ------------------------------------- 20N • + = 35N • -------------------------15N

  24. Inertia • Inertia : The tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in straight line motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force. Dependent on an objects mass

  25. momentum • Momentum : A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. Also called linear momentum. • M = m x v = kg x m/s

  26. Velocity • V= d/t or • V = m/s or km/hr • Velocity is the speed and direction of an object • For example Julio is traveling at a velocity of 60.0 m/s North

  27. Acceleration • Acceleration : The rate of change of velocity with respect to time. • a = vf(m/s) –vi(m/s) / t(s) = m/s2 • Vf = velocity final (m/s) • Vi = velocity initial(m/s) • t = time (s)

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