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Learning objectives-8

Learning objectives-8. Describe the differences between subsistence and commercial economies. Subsistence- focus on agriculture, lived on and produce of own land and labor Rural areas, small communities and isolation Barter economy Crevecoeur- American man? Equality

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Learning objectives-8

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  1. Learning objectives-8

  2. Describe the differences between subsistence and commercial economies • Subsistence- focus on agriculture, lived on and produce of own land and labor • Rural areas, small communities and isolation • Barter economy • Crevecoeur- American man? • Equality • Semi subsistence- still buy a few items • Republicans • Fear institutions, large government, oppose aristocracy • Commercial- tied to large markets- world wide (merchants) • Selling goods and services • Urban areas (dense in New England area) • Inequality of wealth • Ben Franklin (Poor Richard’s Almanack) • Success= taking advantage of commerce and world market • Open America up • Federalists • Favor constitution and government power

  3. What was Hamilton's Financial Program and why did some oppose? • Goals: • 1. Use Federal power to encourage manufacturing and commerce • 2. link interests of wealthy and government Problems: revenue and credit • Funding and assumption • Funding- recommend federal debt be pd in full • Assumption- US assume responsibility for states debt. WHY?- to enhance power of Fed. Govt. and gain financial footing. • Pay off debt= • Bank of US-issue banknotes, govt. deposits • Excise taxes!!!- whiskey tax

  4. Plan promoted Commercial sector (federalists) • Established powerful financial institutions (Bank) • Encourges manufacturing and urbanization • Favor merchants through tariffs. • Paper men • Opposition- by Republicans (Jeff. and Madison) • Fears of aristocracy (repeat) • Incompatible with liberty and equality

  5. What was American foreign policy like? • Westward • Focus on ag. – Republican • Whiskey rebellion- many farmers needed the extra income- resented commercial minded land owners • Pinckney's treaty • free navigation of Mississippi if Spain stops urging south westerners to defect • French Revolution- worry that America is threatened by foreign affairs- state is fragile. • View as stirring of liberty in Europe • Concern over violence • Do we keep alliance with France? Stay neutral • Betters US economy

  6. Jay’s treaty- many frustrated • Get GB out of northwest • Reinforced idea that US was just a satellite to GB • Quasi War- unofficial war • Jay’s treaty favorable to GB • Retaliates by raiding Am shipping • US sends ships to France- wants bribe ($250,000 and 12 million loan) • US Refuses= XYZ Affair • Hamilton wanted war for land- Adams does not! • Suppress disloyalty • Alien and sedition Acts- arrest and deport for treasonable leanings • Threatened non-naturalized (Republicans)

  7. Sedition Acts • Heavy fines and imprisonment for writing, speaking or publishing anything false, scandalous or seditious • Used as a partisan matter • Eventually only overtly seditious acts prosecuted. • Free expression of public opinion does not mean criminal intent • Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions

  8. Federalists Hamilton- (Washington symbol) New England area- east coast Class society – upper rules Societal needs over individual Government to regulate for good of society Economic power due to commerce Washington’s Farwell address: warn against danger of political parties The “loose constructionists” (the Hamiltonians or Federalists) viewed Clause 18(formation of National Bank) as an opportunity to increase federal power.

  9. Republicans • Madison- (Jefferson symbol of party) • Base beginnings on Jay’s treaty and whiskey tax • Worry over corruption in central government • Focus on virtues of individuality • Reduce govt to bare bones • The “strict constructionists” Clause 18(National Bank) limited federal power. • Congress could legitimately exercise only specified functions (Clauses 1-17); to do otherwise would be a violation of the Tenth Amendment, which specified that those powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people. • Focus on semi subsistence

  10. Election of 1800 • Federalists split • Peace treaty that Adams signed with France (usually pro-British) • Republicans take advantage • Jefferson and Burr vs Adams, Pinckney and Jay • Pg 263 • Need for 12th Amendment- specify Pres. Or V.P.

  11. Good to know… • Washington made Constitution workable • Issue on implied powers-means to an end (federalists) vs. enumerated powers (Republicans) • Political parties didn’t work until 1815- threaten unity before Jefferson • Needed to express and resolve peaceful differences • Republicanism can be compatible with stability and order

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