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T h e S t a t e of L a n d f i l l G a s E n e r g y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

David Penoyer, P.E. Senior Project Engineer. SCS EngineersTampa, Florida. Landfill gas (LFG) is a by-product of the decomposition of municipal solid waste in the anaerobic environment of a landfill.LFG is approximately 50% methane (CH4), 49% carbon dioxide (CO2), and <1% non-methane organic compo

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T h e S t a t e of L a n d f i l l G a s E n e r g y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

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    1. T h e S t a t e of L a n d f i l l G a s E n e r g y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Definition of “Renewable” - should LFGE be included? Not here to debate this However, as long as we put waste in the ground we will have LFG Until we change our philosophy, let’s use itDefinition of “Renewable” - should LFGE be included? Not here to debate this However, as long as we put waste in the ground we will have LFG Until we change our philosophy, let’s use it

    2. David Penoyer, P.E. Senior Project Engineer SCS Engineers Tampa, Florida

    4. Why does EPA care about LFG? Methane is a potent global warming gas Landfills are the largest human-made source of methane in the U.S. Many cost effective options for reducing emissions Most common is flaring

    5. Why does EPA care about LFG? 1 MW generated by LFG equals: Taking ~ 6,100 cars off the road for a year Planting 8,300 acres of trees 93,000 barrels of oil each year Reduces local air pollution Creates jobs and improves economic development near landfills

    12. Trend toward more direct-use projects 165,000 scfm 21 operational in 1990...100 operational in 2001 Technology Summary Growth in Direct Use Projects Greater Diversity in Project Types Selection of technology is site specific Technologies exist for low and high volumes of LFG production Many proven/cost effective ways to utilize LFG Niche technologies are gaining popularity, but are slow to emergeTechnology Summary Growth in Direct Use Projects Greater Diversity in Project Types Selection of technology is site specific Technologies exist for low and high volumes of LFG production Many proven/cost effective ways to utilize LFG Niche technologies are gaining popularity, but are slow to emerge

    13. Currently, most projects generate electricity Reciprocating engines Gas turbines

    15. Microturbines & LFG Units range from 30 kW to 100kW Can operate at low LFG flows (50 scfm) 35-50% CH4 Low NOx, CO emissions (only 10% as much as IC engines)

    16. Direct-use projects are growing Direct thermal / Medium Btu Boiler High Btu Leachate evaporation Greenhouse Vehicle fuel Artists Studios Aquaponics/Hydroponics

    20. Fuel cell projects PV on landfills “brightfields” Wind turbines on landfills Bioreactor landfills New techniques for enhanced LFG recovery

    21. Valuable energy source 400-600 Btu/cf Reduce major heat-trapping gas - methane Improved local air quality Odor control Sustainability Avoided fossil energy emissions

    22. Emission trading/offset opportunities Federal RPS DOE’s 1605(b) program Possible new LFG tax credit - both Section 29 & 45 Utility restructuring Green power/green pricing programs

    23. A recognized renewable resource Among the most cost-competitive Green pricing opportunities At least 90 utilities have developed or plan to develop GP programs Customers are willing to pay premium prices for green power

    24. Case Study - AMP-Ohio

    25. Case Study - AMP-Ohio (cont’d)

    26. Case Study - AMP-Ohio (cont’d)

    27. Orange County, Florida Orange Co. Solid Waste Division Orlando Utilities Commission DTE Biomass Energy, Inc.

    28. Orange County, FL (cont’d) LFG sent to adjacent Stanton Energy Center located on adjacent property Co-fired in coal power plant Up to 6,000 scfm of LFG combusted Enough energy to power 13,000 homes At least 15 years more capacity Bonus: DTE paid County for LFG system and pays up to $400,000/yr in “royalties”

    29. Renewable Energy Incentives In Wisconsin

    30. Renewable Energy Incentives In Wisconsin (cont’d)

    33. Partnerships and networking (over 350) Newsletter and listserv Direct Project Assistance Feasibility studies, end user searches Technical Assistance Resource LFG Advocate PR/Ribbon Cuttings

    34. Database Green Pricing Accreditation Involvement State Workshops/Conferences Peer Matching Web Site (e.g., publications, database)

    35. 7th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo January 2004, Washington, D.C. Accepting abstracts on any LFG-related topic, especially “real-world”experiences Abstracts due 6/14/03 to Chris Voell (voell.christopher@epa.gov)

    36. LMOP’s Energy Partner Program

    37. LMOP’s Energy Partner Program

    38. LMOP’s Energy Partner Program

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