The NO n A Experiment Status

1. The NOnA Experiment Status Leon Mualem California Institute of Technology (for the NOnA collaboration) Workshop on Next Generation Neutrino and Nucleon Detectors 2007 Hamamatsu, Japan

2. The NOnA Experiment • Uses a 15kT detector, NOnA • Positioned off axis of the Fermilab NuMI beam • Run for 6 years • Goals: • Observation of the transition nmne • Measurement of q13 to factor of ~2 • Measurement of sin2(2q23) • Determination of mass hierarchy (sign of Dm223)

3. The NOvA Collaboration 25 Institutions, 129 Physicists and Engineers Argonne, Athens, Caltech, College de France, Fermilab, Harvard, Indiana, ITEP-Moscow, Michigan State, Minnesota, Minnesota-Duluth, Munich, Northern Illinois, Ohio State, Rio de Janeiro, South Carolina, Southern Methodist University, Stanford, Stonybrook, Texas, Texas A&M, Tufts, UCLA, Virginia, William and Mary

4. Approximate Schedule • Apr 2006: US DOE CD-1 review. Recommends approval • Sep 2007: Cooperative Agreement signed • Oct 2007: US DOE CD-2/3A review • Baseline, advanced procurement • Nov 2008: Prototype Near detector ready • Mar 2010: Beneficial Occupancy of the FD building • Outfitting and installation begins • Oct 2010: 9 month shutdown for accelerator upgrades • Jun 2011: First Superblock Ready (~2.5kT) • Aug 2011: 400kW beam commissioning • April 2012-Jul 2012: Shutdown for upgrades to 700kW beam commissioning • Dec 2012: Far Detector completed

5. Fermilab NuMI Beam

6. Off-Axis beam features • Narrow energy distribution • Tuned Energy by selecting off-axis angle • Maximize νe appearance • Minimize νμ • Higher Intensity at a given energy • Suppressed high energy tail • Reduces NC contamination —NUMI-On-axis beam —14mrad off-axis beam (no oscillation)

7. Proton Plans and Possibilities Project X 2300

8. Site for Far Detector: Ash River, MN • This site is at 810 km from Fermilab, 11.77 km off-axis • Farthest available site in the U.S. along the NuMI beam • US 53, St. Louis County Road 129 - all weather access

9. 15.4m 70m 15.4m NOnA Far Detector • 15 ktons • 15.4m x 15.4m x 70m • 1003 liquid scintillator planes, (~80% active) • Scintillator cells 3.8 x 6.0 x 1540 cms • Read out from one side per plane with APDs • Expected average signal at far end of 30pe

10. The Basic Detector element • Liquid Scintillator • 5.5% pseudocumene as scintillant • Mineral oil and waveshifters (PPO, bis-MSB) • PVC cell for primary containment • Horizontals:3.87 cm x 6.0 cm x 15.4 m long • Verticals: 3.76 cm x 5.7 cm x 15.4 m long • Highly reflective, 15% titanium dioxide • Looped wavelength shifting fiber to collect light • 0.7 mm diameter, double clad, K27 waveshifter • Almost perfect mirror, 3.6*light in 1 fiber • Avalanche Photodiode • 85% quantum efficiency • Gain of 100, operate at -15oC • Low noise amplifier

11. Technical Progress • Things are happening • Prototype Extrusions have been made • Prototype Photodetectors and readout electronics delivered IPND extrusions at manufacturer

12. APD Photodetector • Hamamatsu Si Avalanche Photodiode (APD) • Variant of commercial S8550 SiAPD • Custom design to match to fiber aspect ratio • Bare die mounted to PCB via gold bump thermo-compression

13. APD Advantage 85% QE Matches fiber Emission Wavelength (nm)

14. Front End Board FPGA ADC ASIC • Low-Noise ASIC • External ADC (AD41240) • FPGA, control and DSP

15. e CC event epe-p+ E=2.5GeV Ee=1.9GeV Ep=1.1GeV E=0.2GeV

16.  CC event • 2GeV muon CC event

17.  CC event n-n+o E=2.8 GeV E=0.5GeV En=1.0GeV E+=0.4GeV Eo=1.8GeV

18. NC event Npo E=10.6 GeV Ep=1.04GeV Eo =1.97GeV

19. Current Analysis Results • Completely new analysis written in new framework (transition from Fortran to C++) • New reconstruction algorithms • New event selection algorithms • New analysis at least as powerful as previous. • Increases ne selection efficiency • New simulation codes • Upgrades to neutrino interaction code • Upgrades to flux model • increases background (may overestimate)

20. Electron Identification for NOvA ~20 variables in Neural Net Example distributions Overall efficiency ~30% (optimizable) NC signal nmCC bkg. signal nm CC nmCC NC beamne signal ANN Output

21. Detector Performance • Optimize Figure of Merit (FOM=sig/√bkd) performance separately for n and anti-n • Use 18E20 POT, sin2(2q13) =0.1, Dm2=2.4E-3, no matter effects • Upgrades to neutrino event generator • Updates to predicted neutrino flux • Updated detector mass and configuration • 15kT, slightly shorter modules, photodetector readout

22. Performance optimization Combined Figure of merit 18.0 Neutrino Figure of merit (sig/√bkd) Maximized at 15.3, and 26% selection efficiency Anti-Neutrino Figure of merit (sig/√bkd) Maximized at 9.5, and 20% selection efficiency

23. 3 s Sensitivity to sin2(2q13) ≠ 0 Sensitivity vs d for non-zero sin2(2q13) at 700kW, 1.2MW, and 2.3MW

24. Mass Hierarchy Resolution If you assume a measurement of P(νe)=0.02, what does that imply about θ13 and the mass hierarchy, and how can you distinguish them. Determine P using anti-neutrinos and/or measure θ13 in reactor experiment.

25. 95% CL Sensitivity tothe Mass Ordering Normal Inverted

26. Measurement of sin2(2q23) If sin2(2q23) = 1, then it can be measured to 0.004. Otherwise, it can be measured to ~0.02.

27. Summary • Progress in many areas • Reviews and administrative milestones and achievements • Technical – production of prototype detectors • Analysis • Development of new reconstruction • Development of new event selection • More improvements possible; this area is under active development

28. Conclusions • The NOnA experiment exhibits significant sensitivity to the current and future issues of neutrino oscillations • Electron neutrino appearance -- sin2(2q13) • Muon neutrino disappearance -- sin2(2q23) • mass hierarchy resolution • CP violation measurement • Upgraded beam intensity needed to reach all of these goals • Final thanks to NOnA Collaborators for their contributions