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Unrest and Anti-colonialism in Africa

Unrest and Anti-colonialism in Africa. 769-772, 839-840. Confusing Messages in Europe. “Why do they want to revolt? We are giving them civilization!” Revolts in places like Kenya, Nigeria, German colonies R esponded to forced labor, increased taxes, land inequality

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Unrest and Anti-colonialism in Africa

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  1. Unrest and Anti-colonialism in Africa 769-772, 839-840

  2. Confusing Messages in Europe • “Why do they want to revolt? We are giving them civilization!” • Revolts in places like Kenya, Nigeria, German colonies • Responded to forced labor, increased taxes, land inequality • Each colonial power blamed Africans or other “much harsher” European regimes. • Revolts met with tightening not loosening grip

  3. Boer War 1899-1902 • (Dutch) Afrikaners vs English leaders and uitlanders over gold mines in the Transvall of Southern Africa • Dutch guerrilla forces initially successful • British implement concentration camp, pop. 155,000. (28,000 Afrk, 14,000 Afr died) • Germans copied on Herero

  4. Post WWI Colonial Status • British and French inherit more colonies than ever (British – ¼ of world’s people) • Including Middle East oil and mineral-rich former German colonies • 1926 – British Commonwealth created: Canada, Australia, New Zealand • But, Africans “not ready” • “Arethe British and French aids or obstacles to African and Asian improvement?” • Anti-colonial and Independence Thought • “Educated” visionaries debate their futures: Independence? Liberalism, Fascism, Communism? Citizenship? Culture of state?

  5. African Stirrings • 2 broad groups: African urban, western-educated elite and the rest of Africans… • Responded to lack of political and economic power with boycotts, protests, violence • Deforestation and Desertification • Senegal Peanut Belt • Africans overgrazed on their reserves in Kenya • A little voice – BlaiseDiagne elected to French Nat’l Assembly in 1914 • Harry Thuku, 1927, demanded better schools and land back. • Jomo Kenyatta, 1937, “Facing Mount Kenya”

  6. Kenyatta and SC Justice, Thurgood Marshall “Facing Mount Kenya” • How can loss of land affect a culture? • “The road to hell is paved with good intentions.” Is this phrase appropriate to African colonization? • Was the story of the relationship between Europe and sub-Saharan Africa written thousands of years ago? Was imperialism unavoidable? • According to Kenyatta, how could have the relationship been different? • “The African is conditioned, by the cultural and social institutions of centuries, to a freedom of Which Europe has little conception…” What does this mean?

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