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Blunt Chest Wall Injuries

Blunt Chest Wall Injuries. Yury Rabotnikov , M.D. PGY 1. Weill Cornell Medical College. ADVANCING SCIENCE, ENHANCING LIFE. EPIDEMIOLOGY. Rib Fx : 2/3 of admitted pts Sternal Fx : 8% of blunt chest trauma, 18 of multiple trauma Scapular Fx about 1-2%. Initial Assesment.

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Blunt Chest Wall Injuries

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  1. Blunt Chest Wall Injuries YuryRabotnikov, M.D. PGY 1 Weill Cornell Medical College ADVANCING SCIENCE, ENHANCING LIFE

  2. EPIDEMIOLOGY • Rib Fx: 2/3 of admitted pts • Sternal Fx: 8% of blunt chest trauma, 18 of multiple trauma • Scapular Fx about 1-2%

  3. Initial Assesment • Hx: mechanism, PMH, presentation • Physical: flail chest, Hypoxia, HD, Seat belt sign, pain, deformities, abd tenderness • Imaging: CXR, EKG, CT (if stable enough).

  4. High Risk Chest Wall Injuries • Scapula fracture • Flail chest • Multiple rib fractures (≥3) and displaced rib fractures • Sternal fracture • Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation

  5. Asymptomatic PTX: less then 8mm – observe • Hemothorax: 300 cc needed to diagnose 36Fr chest tube. >1500cc surgery • Pulmonary contusion develop in 24 hours, resolve in 1 week. (Irregular, nonlobularopacification ). Intubation only if hypoxic. • Tracheobronchial injury 1%. Most diet at the sceene (R main Bronchus> L main )

  6. Associated complication • Pneumonia - ~6% of all hospitalized pt’s w rib fx • Elderly pts( >65 y.o.) => 30% incidence, 22% mortality • Retained hemothorax – dx CT, tx VATS • Empyema :3-10% of pt’s w CT placed • Fracture nonunion • Respiratory failure

  7. Associated Internal Injuries • Blunt aortic and other mediastinal injury  • Pneumothorax • Pulmonary contusion  • Cardiac contusion • Myocardial rupture

  8. Blunt Aortic Injury (BAI)Radiologic Findings: • Wide mediastinum (supine CXR >8 cm; upright CXR >6 cm) • Obscured aortic knob; abnormal aortic contour • Left "apical cap" (ie, pleural blood above apex of left lung) • Large left hemothorax • Deviation of nasogastric tube rightward • Deviation of trachea rightward and/or right mainstem bronchus downward • Wide left paravertebral stripe

  9. Isolated Chest wall injury: • Main goals = (1) Pain control (2) Expansion of pulmonary volume • Hospitalization = any pt w 3 or more rib fx • ICU = elderly pt w 6 or more rib fx

  10. Pain Control • Regional anesthesia • Continuous epidural infusion => shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and dec risk pneumonia • Paravertebral block = unilateral rib fx • Intercostal nerve blocks • Intrapleural infusion • IV narcotics • IV NSAIDs (ex toradol)

  11. Surgical Management • Flail chest + failure to wean from ventilator • Painful, movable ribs refractory to pain management strategies • Significant chest wall deformity • Chest wall instability due to fracture nonunion • Displaced rib fx found at thoracotomy • Internal Injuries.

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