Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a substance where its speed is different.

2. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a substance where its speed is different.

3. angle of incidence incident ray normal air glass refracted ray angle of refraction

4. air glass From a less dense to a denser substance • e.g. from air to glass normal incident ray refracted ray • Light is benttowards the normal.

5. water air From a denser to a less dense substance • e.g. from water to air normal incident ray refracted ray • Light is bentaway from the normal.

8. When light hits a different surface than what it had been traveling in, some light is reflected and some is refracted (bent). • Light passes through substances at different speeds, causing it to bend.  

9. The index of refraction measures the speed at which light moves through the substance.   • The more that light is bent (refracted) as it passes through a substance, the higher the index of refraction of the substance.  

10. Stirring Rod in Oil Oil n = 1.474 Pyrex n = 1.470 Stirring Rod in Water Water n = 1.3330 Pyrex n = 1.470

11. Refraction of Light by Water • The index of refracton for water is 4/3, meaning that light travels 3/4 as fast in water as it does in vacuum.

12. Bent chopstick

13. Air C Water Line B A

14. Examples of refraction of light real depth I O Shallower in water

16. No, because the fish is actually located somewhere else. Yes, of course. No, because size of objects changes when they are put under water. ‘When hunting a fish under water, you should aim your spear directly at the fish.’ Do you agree?

17. A boy shines a torch under water as shown. Which one shows the correct path of the light ray?