Waste Management

1. Niels Bjørn Mortensen NBM@BIMCO.org Waste Management Tripartite Meeting Tokyo 2007

2. MARPOL – Latest development Annex V, dealing with Garbage, is under review by MEPC Annex VI, dealing with Air Pollution, is under review by BLG and MEPC – and attract considerable attention

3. Annex V - Garbage • In general, reception facilities are available for the existing garbage types. • However, handling of “hold washing water containing cargo residues” in special areas – continues to be of great concern to Owners (and crews). • It is a grey area – although the general perception is that it is garbage. • The Garbage Record Book is subject to scrutiny by Coast Guard a.o.

4. Hold Washing Water Containing Cargo Residues • Outside special areas – workable • In special areas - • Discharge the hold washing to a land-based reception facility; • Keep the water in the bilge water holding tank (usually far too small) or a top wing tank. • This requires that the ship is constructed in such manner, and that the Owner is prepared to lose payload capacity.

5. Hold Washing Water Containing Cargo Residues • It is doubtful that reception facilities (today there are none) can solve the problem. • Coastal States are reluctant in finding a solution. • It may be expected that the practical solution has to be found in the design of the ships • Improved stripping designs • Eductors – use drive water! • Dedicated tanks for decanting and storage of washing water • Improved piping systems –including capability to pump ashore

6. Handy Size Bulk Carrier

7. Handy Size Bulk Carrier

8. Annex V - Garbage • In a submission to IMO, BIMCO has proposed: • •“Washing Water Containing Non Pollutant Cargo Residues from Dry Cargoes” is given its own “Type” in the Guidelines to Annex V. • Such Washing Water should be allowed to be disposed in the sea when the ship is more than 12 miles from shore whether or not the ship is within Special Areas. • IMO correspondence group is established to look at it – very little progress….

9. Annex VIBIMCO Position on SOx • BIMCO propose that distillate fuels are used where it makes a positive difference close to populated areas. • Use of Heavy Fuel Oils should remain an option where this does no harm, as with ships upon the high seas. • present global cap of Max 4.5% sulphur would be lowered to 3.0%. • For distillate fuels, there should be a reduction to a maximum of 1% sulphur within SECAs from 2011 • From 2016 there should be a further reduction to a sulphur maximum of 0.1% within SECAs • Allow the use of scrubbers to achieve a similar result • Micro SECAs

10. Annex VIBIMCO Position on SOx • BIMCO propose that distillate fuels are used where it makes a positive difference close to populated areas. • Use of Heavy Fuel Oils should remain an option where this does no harm, as with ships upon the high seas. • present global cap of Max 4.5% sulphur would be lowered to 3.0%. • For distillate fuels, there should be a reduction to a maximum of 1% sulphur within SECAs from 2011 • From 2016 there should be a further reduction to a sulphur maximum of 0.1% within SECAs • Allow the use of scrubbers to achieve a similar result • Micro SECAs

11. Annex VI • Washing water from SOx scrubbing • Sea water • Fresh Water

12. Sea Water Scrubbing Exhaust Gas Open loop system. Sulphur neutralized by water alkalinity. Scrubber pH WaterTreatment pH pH management with engine cooling water Seawater

13. Sea Water Scrubbing • Has been tested for 5 years on “Pride of Kent”.

14. Sea Water Scrubbing • Advantage: • Ships may operate on high sulphur content oil within SECAs. • Disadvantage: • Some ports and coastal water within SECAs do not allow discharge of the SOx washing water. • Requires large amount of water. • Efficiency depending on salinity and alkalinity of the sea water.

15. Lime(stone) Feasible choices for installation onboard Caustic soda Seawater Ammonium hydroxide Magnesium hydroxide Fresh water scrubbing • Fresh water is pH neutral. • Typical absorbents for wet sulphur removal process

16. NaOH Consumption & Storage Capacity • NaOH consumption (a few % of fuel consumption) depends on: • Fuel sulfur content • SOx reduction • NaOH storage capacity depends on: • Power profile • Desired autonomy (bunkering interval) • 20 MW Power plant • 2.7% S Fuel • Cleaning efficiency 50% • NaOH consumption ca. 4 t/day (50% solution) • for 10 days (240 running hours) 40t (27m3) is needed

17. Exhaust Gas CLOSED LOOP = Zero dischargein enclosed area Closed loop works with freshwater, to which NaOH is added for the neutralization of SOx. pH Fresh water pH Scrubber NaOH unit Water Treatment Cooling Holding tank Process tank pH Seawater General outlook of Fresh Water Scrubber System

18. Case Study Scrubber 1 Scrubber 2 Process tank Original Converted Scrubbing water cooler

19. Case Study Original Scrubber

20. Wärtsilä Fresh Water Scrubbing - Pros and Cons Advantages • Works anywhere. • Smaller water flow than sea water scrubber. • Lower pumping power. • Corrosion and scaling issues easier. Disadvantages • NaOH needed. • Fresh water needed. • Reception facilities for Wash Water required Good solution for ships engaged in e.g. the Baltic Sea

21. Approval of scrubbers • STATUTORY • SECA Compliance Plan for ship (SCP) • Methodology (which combustion units need scrubber, ”onboard trading” etc) • Compliance using Scheme A (unit approval) or B (continuous monitoring) • EGCS-SOx Technical Manual (ETM) • Nominal capacity, type of combustion units • Operating limits (gas temperature, SW alkalinity etc) • Maintenance • Survey procedures • SECA Compliance Certificate (SCC) • Testing, approval of ETM • EGCS-SOx record book • Log book for scrubber maintenance (alternatively Planned Maintenance System) • Onboard Monitoring Manual (OMM) • Monitoring specification, maintenance and survey procedures etc • CLASSIFICATION • Scrubber components and systems • Safety Concept

22. Approval of scrubbers BIMCO would like to thanks the following companies: Diamond Group (DNV, Craig & Carl Bro Marine) Wärtsilä

23. Thank you Questions?