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TAXONOMY

TAXONOMY. ARISTOTLE. Can you think of any problems with Aristotle’s classification system?. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). Heirarchical Classification scheme with only 2 kingdoms (Plant & Animal) Binomial Nomenclature Classified based on morphological similarity

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TAXONOMY

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  1. TAXONOMY

  2. ARISTOTLE

  3. Can you think of any problems with Aristotle’s classification system?

  4. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) • Heirarchical Classification scheme with only 2 kingdoms (Plant & Animal) • Binomial Nomenclature • Classified based on morphological similarity • Why didn’t he classify organisms based on their evolutionary history?

  5. Old Wild tomato = physalis amno ramosissime ramis angulosis glabris foliis dentoserratis Linnaeus Wild tomato = Physalis angulata Old system v. Linnaeus system

  6. 2 Questions • Why bother giving organisms scientific names at all? • Why use Latin as opposed to any other language?

  7. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Green Soup Heirarchical Classification

  8. Animal Example: The Vampire Bat • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Mammalia • Order: Chiroptera • Family: Phyllostomidae • Genus: Desmodus • Species: Desmodus rotundus

  9. Plants • Phylum = Division

  10. Plant Example: Venus Flytrap • Kingdom: Plantae • Division: Anthophyta • Class: Magnioliopsida • Order: Nepenthales • Family: Droseraceae • Genus: Dionaea • Species: Dionaea muscipula

  11. First name = Genus Amorphophallus = group of 170 plants growing from West Africa to Pacific Islands Second name = Species Identifier titanum = large Amorphophallus titanum Common names = Mr. Stinky Voodoo Lily Corpse Flower Titan Arum Binomial Nomenclature

  12. Amorphophallus titanum v. Amorphophallus gigas

  13. Animal Examples Panthera leo Panthera onca Panthera pardus

  14. Panthera facts (Just For Fun) • About half of the big cats • lion, tiger, panther, jaguar • The species classified in this genus are the big cats with the ability to roar • Other big cats that are not Panthera • cheetah lynx • ocelot snow leopard • clouded leopard puma

  15. Species • Members of same species are: • morphologically similar • able to produce fertile offspring

  16. Species Identifier • Same species identifier ≠ same organism • i.e., American Black Bear = Ursus americanus • American toad = Bufo americanus

  17. Animals subspecies sometimes helpful to further classify members of same species into smaller groups Plants varieties Subspecies v. Varieties

  18. Subspecies Panthera tigris altaica Panthera tigris tigris Bengal Tiger Siberian Tiger

  19. Members of different species can interbreed, but . . . + = Male Lion Female Tiger

  20. they produce sterile offspring! Liger Duh – it’s only, like, my favorite animal.

  21. TIGON (Male Tiger + Female Lion)

  22. Phylogenetics • Studying organisms’ evolutionary histories • Fossil record • morphology • embryology • chromosomes and macromolecules – (what the heck are macromolecules, anyway?)

  23. Phylogenetic Tree

  24. Systematics • Classifying organisms based on their phylogeny (evolutionary history)

  25. Cladograms • Diagrams which show the evolutionary relationships of many different organisms • Created by systematists • Created by studying the phylogeny (evolutionary history) of organisms • shared derived characters • creates cladograms

  26. Cladogram

  27. Another cladogram

  28. Kingdoms of Life

  29. Three Domains of Life

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