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Virtual GIS: Real-Time 3D Geographic Information System

Virtual GIS: Real-Time 3D Geographic Information System. Angela McCarthy CP5080, SP1 2010. Overview. Year Published: 1995 Authors: David Koller : Graphics, Visualization, & Usability Center , College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA

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Virtual GIS: Real-Time 3D Geographic Information System

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  1. Virtual GIS: Real-Time 3D Geographic Information System Angela McCarthy CP5080, SP1 2010

  2. Overview • Year Published: 1995 • Authors: • David Koller: Graphics, Visualization, & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA • Peter Lindstrom: Graphics, Visualization, & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA • William Ribarsky: Graphics, Visualization, & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA • Larry F. Hodges: Graphics, Visualization, & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA • Nick Faust: Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology • Gregory Turner: Information Processing Branch, Army Research Laboratory • Performed in part under contract from Army Research Laboratory

  3. Authors: Papers Published • Available online on ACM Portal • David R Koller - 3 Papers – 1995-96 • Peter Lindstrom – 31Papers – 1995-2010 • William Ribarsky – 62 Papers – 1992-2009 • Larry Franklin Hodges – 82 Papers – 1982 - 2009 • Subject Areas: User Interfaces, Picture/Image Generation, Computational Geometry And Object Modeling (Geometric Algorithms, Languages, And Systems), Methodology And Techniques, Three-Dimensional Graphics And Realism (Virtual Reality), Physical Sciences And Engineering, and Arts And Humanities • Nickolas Faust – 10 Papers – 1995-2003 • Greg A Turner – 5 Papers – 1994-1996

  4. Introduction • 1995 • GIS (Geographical Information System) originally 2D, moving into 3D • Co-ordinates required, waiting time between input and display • A virtual GIS developed • Used for urban planning, emergency services • Event information stored in database • Obstructions: Heavy Traffic, Construction • US Army to show terrain battlefields

  5. Virtual GIS System • Implemented using Simple Virtual Environment (SVE) toolkit • Virtual GIS run on different hardware systems • Silicon Graphics, Hewlett Packard and Kubota Denali workstations • Can be used with either workstation window-based interface or immersive virtual reality interface • In immersive, users wear Head Mounted Display (HDM) with three-dimensional mouse controller

  6. Datasets • Each dataset contains several types of information • Terrain surfaces, visualised as mesh of shaded/textured polygons • Protruding features such as trees/buildings • Animated vehicles may also be present • High resolution phototextures allow for identification of visible features • GIS raster layer data corresponding to terrain area • Information such as soil type, road surface or foliage density can be stored in layers and rendered/queried

  7. Features • Users given complete freedom of navigation • Six degrees • Pitch, Yaw, Roll and three-dimensional translations • Navigation • Users can get ‘lost’ or disorientated • Navigation techniques proposed to alleviate effects • Overlay of labelled coordinate grid system • Popup inset overview map • In addition to flying, users can jump to any point in world

  8. Feedback • System has been used in actual field exercises of US Army • Soldiers used system to view topography of terrain around operating areas • Commanders able to indicate placements of sub-units on model, to visualise ordered positions • System design needs improvement • Six degree-of-freedom, difficult to use • Request of compass • Request to jump to specific input of coordinates • 30m resolution not sufficient for military training purposes, data up to 1m resolution required

  9. Future Work • Goals: • Navigate a model of the world • Country, Region – obtain 3D terrain and feature map, bring up real-time 3D visualisation • Search quickly through databases • Displaying large scale environments • Constantly changing data • Using both 2D symbology in combination with 3D landmarks

  10. Conclusions • Authors set a foundation for future research and development • Have proven that the system is highly efficient in visualising geographical data • Provides sophisticated management of large, complex datasets • Continued research and use of GIS has continued and still being used and improved now

  11. Other Research • Mei-Po Kwan • JiyeongLee • Of The Ohio State University and Minnesota State University • In 2002: looked at using Real-Time 3D GIS for emergency response teams • Influenced by September 11 • Technology still being developed and perfected • Resources and response time largest issue

  12. Metadata • Smaller number of references (19) • Concept still young at time, many references were ‘recent’ of publishing, 1992-1995 (a few old references from 1980’s) • Large number of authors • Acronyms/Abbreviations given • No figures or diagrams in paper, all located at end, no interruption to flow of words

  13. Questions? Thanks for listening!

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