Chemical Compounds in Cells pg. 74-78

1. Chemical Compounds in Cellspg. 74-78

2. Instructions for One Pager Each group will be assigned a topic from this section of the textbook. You will have 15-20 mins to read the section, brainstorm ideas, and complete a One Pager on your topic.

3. Instructions for One Pager You will present your One Pagers to the class and teach your classmates about your topic. You may use your textbook/notes to complete the one pager.

4. One Pager Must include all of the following: • Title of topic • Picture that relates to the topic • 5 keywords connected/related to topic • 2 complete sentences from the textbook that explains the topic. • Slogan/motto to help us remember your topic.

5. Example of One Pager Chemical Compounds in Cells • Carbohydrate • Protein • Lipid • Nucleic acid • compound 1. You and the world around you, including cells in your body, are composed of tiny particles. 2. Some of these particles are elements and some are compounds. “All of the kings & queens are made up of carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.”

6. Chemical Compounds in Cells pg. 74-78 Topics: • Elements/Compounds • Compound Called Water • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • Organic/Inorganic Compounds

7. Elements An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. • The smallest unit of an element is called an atom. • An example of elements, can be found on the period table. • Examples: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphous, sulfur

8. Compounds When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a compound. • The smallest unit of a compound is called a molecule. • Example :water; it consists of two hydrogen elements and one oxygen element = H2O

9. Compound Called Water • Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water. • Water helps keep their size and shape and keeps temperature of cells from changing rapidly.

10. Inorganic/Organic Compounds Many of the compounds found in living things contain the element carbon. Most compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds. • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are important groups of organic compounds in living things. Compounds that do not contain the element carbon are called inorganic compounds.

11. Carbohydrates A carbohydrates is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Sugars and starches are examples of carbohydrates. • Carbohydrates are important components of some cell parts, including cell walls and cell membranes.

12. Lipids Lipids are energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Fats, oils, and waxes are lipids. • Lipids contain more energy than carbohydrates. • Cells store energy in lipids for later use.

13. Proteins Proteins are large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur. • Protein molecules are made up of smaller molecules called amino acids. • Proteins make up much of the structure of cells. An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing. • Without enzymes, many chemical reactions that are necessary for life would either take too long or not occur at all.

14. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. • Nucleic acids contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life. There are two kinds of nucleic acids : DNA and RNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, is the genetic material that carries information about an organisms that is passed from parent to offspring and directs all of the cell’s functions. • Ribonucleic acid, RNA, plays an important role in the production of protein. • RNA is found in the cytoplasm as well as in nucleus.

15. Key Concept #1What are elements and compunds? Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Ex: carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen Compounds are two or more elements that are combined chemically Ex: carbon dioxide (1 carbon, 2 oxygens) water ( 2 hydrogens, 1 oxygen)

16. Key Concept #2How is water important to the function of cells? Most chemical reactions within cells could not take place without water. • Water keeps size/shape of cell & temperature of cells.

17. Key Concept #3What are the main kinds of organic molecules in living things? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are important groups of organic compounds found in living things.