3.1 Chemical Compounds in Cells

1. 3.1 Chemical Compounds in Cells Explore the tiny particles that make up all living and nonliving things

2. Intro • Look at the items • Sunblock • Baking soda • salt • How do you think they connect to this lesson 3.1 Chemical Compounds in Cells?

3. Key Terms to Know

4. Matter Review • Matter • Particles (atoms) that makes up all non-living things • Atoms • The small particles that make up matter

5. Atoms and Elements • Each atom is made up of a different ELEMENT!!

6. Elements & Compounds • Element • Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • Example: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen • Video on atoms & elements

7. Molecules = Several Atoms • Molecules • Group of 2 or more atoms bonded together • Visual

8. Compounds = Atoms from Different Elements • Compounds • Atoms of different elements bonded together • Video

9. WATER Compound • A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom • Molecule is two or more atoms joined together • Most chemical reactions would not take place without water!!!

10. 2 Major Categories of Compounds • Organic • Inorganic

11. Inorganic vs. Organic Compounds • Organic Compounds • Compounds that contain carbon • Most compounds have carbon • Inorganic Compounds • Compounds that do not have carbon

12. 4 Major Groups of Organic Compounds • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

13. Carbohydrates • Definition • Is an energy-rich organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Function • Provides us with energy • Make up cell parts • Cellulose in cell wall and membranes is a carbohydrate

14. Examples of Foods High in Carbohydrate Compounds • Sugars and starches are carbs • Sugar: glucose • Starches: pasta, rice, potatoes, bread

15. Lipids • Definition • Are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Function • Gives lots of energy to cells (more than carbs) • Cells store lipids for later use • Cell membranes are made of lipids

16. Examples of Foods with Lipid Compounds • Fats • Oils

17. Proteins • Definition • Are large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur

18. Examples of Foods with Protein Compounds • Foods high in protein: • Meat • Eggs • Fish • Nuts • Beans

19. Structure of Proteins • Protein molecules made up of smaller molecules called amino acids • Only 20 kinds of amino acids • The kinds and order of amino acid determine the protein made

20. Amino Acids Make up Proteins

21. Functions of Proteins • Most cell organelles are made up of proteins • Some proteins are enzymes • type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living things • Example: saliva speeds up digestion • Without enzymes we wouldn’t live

22. Nucleic Acids • Definition • Are very long organic molecules of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous • 2 Types • RNA • DNA • Function • They are instructions cells need to carry out functions of life

23. 2 Types of Nucleic Acids • DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Is genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring • RNA • Ribonucleic acid • Plays important role in production of proteins

24. Main Idea of the Lesson? Also, how does this lesson answer the chapter focus question, “Why do we need cell processes?”