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Chemical Compounds in Cells

Chemical Compounds in Cells. Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Lesson 3. Elements and Atoms. Element Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Atom Smallest unit of an element Protons Electrons Neutrons Any single element is made of only one kind of atom. Compounds.

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Chemical Compounds in Cells

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  1. Chemical Compounds in Cells Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Lesson 3

  2. Elements and Atoms • Element • Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • Atom • Smallest unit of an element • Protons • Electrons • Neutrons • Any single element is made of only one kind of atom

  3. Compounds Compounds Form when two or more elements combine chemically Compounds are a special kind of molecule Molecule Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

  4. Biological Elements • In biological systems, there are several very important elements that are put together to form four main important biological compounds. • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen

  5. Organic Compounds • Organic Compound • Any compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon (usually bonded to hydrogen) • Four main biological organic compounds are: • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids • There are exceptions (CO, CO2, CO3 )

  6. Carbohydrates • Organic compounds that contain only the elements C, H, and O, usually in a specific ratio • Simple carbohydrates contain only one or two monosaccharides (building blocks of carbohydrates) • Complex carbohydrates can contain hundreds of monosaccharides • Carbohydrates are our cells main source of energy • Examples simple sugars • Glucose, fructose, lactose • Examples complex carbohydrates • Starch, cellulose, glycogen

  7. Lipids • Organic compounds that contain the elements C, H, O • Composed of fatty acids (the building blocks of lipids) • Store energy and make up the structure of cell membranes • Examples include • Fats, oils, waxes

  8. Proteins • Organic compounds that contain the elements C, H, O, N • Composed of amino acids (building blocks of proteins) • Act as enzymes • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions • Make up structures in living organisms • Examples include • Muscle fibers, hair, horns

  9. Nucleic Acids • Organic compounds that contain the elements C, H, O, N, P • Composed of nucleotides (building blocks of nucleic acids) • Contain our genetic material • Examples include • DNA, RNA

  10. Water and Living Things • Water is inorganic, but still plays vital roles in living things • Solubility • most reactions depend on substances dissolved in water

  11. Water and Living Things • Cohesion • Water molecules will stick to other water molecules • Adhesion • water molecules will stick to some other substances

  12. Water and Living Things • Temperature Moderation • Water heats and cools more slowly than other substances • This keeps cells from changing temperature too rapidly

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