The 13 Colonies and Colonial Life

1. The 13 Colonies and Colonial Life

2. The New England Colonies *Can you find Boston and the Erie Canal on your map? Massachusetts (Maine) New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island

3. New England Colonies Video

4. Climate • Summers were warm, but short • Winters were long and frigidly cold • Very short growing season • Soil and weather made farming very difficult

5. Land Features • hilly terrain with mountains and valleys • thin and rocky soil • jagged coastlines

6. Resources • Forests with an abundance of wood • Used wood to create ships and buildings • Access to fish and whales-used for food and other products • Shipped fish and lumber to Africa and Europe • Received spices and tea for imports • Formed a triangular trade

7. Middle Colonies NY • The Middle colonies included: • New York (NY) , New Jersey (NJ) , Delaware (DE), • and Pennsylvania (PA). PA NJ DE * Can you find New York City and Philadelphia on your map?

8. Middle Colonies Video

9. Climate • More balanced summers and winters • Longer growing season • Soil was very fertile • Sunny days and plenty of rainy days to feed crops

10. Land Features • Rolling hills and valleys • Wide rivers like the Delaware and the Hudson were perfect to transport crops and receive farm supplies

11. Resources • Forests rich with wildlife • Many hunted and trapped deer and beaver • Perfectly fertile soil for growing

12. MD Southern Colonies VA • The Southern Colonies included: Maryland (MD),Virginia (VA),North Carolina (NC),South Carolina (SC), and Georgia (GA). NC SC GA

13. Southern Colonies Video

14. Climate • Rich land, plenty of rain, and a long growing season • Warm weather for much of the year

15. Land Features • Coastal plains, • swamps, forests, and • harbors • Many rivers, bays, and wetlands • Tidewater- the water levels rise and fall everyday • with the ocean tide

16. Resources • Forests in the backcountry • Due to rich and fertile soil, many cash crops are grown

17. Colonial Life

18. Large Landowners • A plantation is a large farm on which crops are raised by workers who live on the farm • Landowners gained wealth by selling cash crops • Needed help from indentured servants and slaves to keep the farm running

19. Colonial Farms Video

20. Farmers • Struggled in New England Colonies-more prosperous in Middle and Southern colonies • Raised livestock such as cattle and pigs • Grew vegetables, fruit, and grains

21. Artisans • Were skilled at making something by hand such as silver spoons or wooden chairs • Either owned their own store or worked from home • Examples of artisans include blacksmiths, carpenters, and jewelers

22. Women • Roles depended on where they lived • Had tough lives full of spinning, sewing, food preservation, cooking, cleaning, and caring for their families

23. Indentured Servants • Wanted a better life in America, but did not have the money to pay for their passage • Got their passage paid for along with room and board in exchange for promising labor for 4-7 years • Had few rights without the permission • Most worked on large plantations working long, hard days

24. Slaves and Indentured Servants

25. Slaves • Got here through the triangular trade • Worked on Southern plantations as field laborers or servants • Slowly replaced indentured slave labor • Bought and sold like pieces of property-oftentimes families are split apart

26. Struggles of Slaves • Were given poor shelter, food, and clothing-many died early • Often punished by overseers • Created a community of support • Lived under harsh punishment and laws • Some ran away or resisted in other ways

27. Native Americans • At first, colonists and Native Americans had a good relationship • Native Americans taught colonists how to grow crops and survive the winter • They traded with one another • Once colonies were established, Indians were pushed West