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!Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box BOX #1 : Read the article about Zircon and tell me: 1) What you learned 2) Why is it important? YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX. “ The present is the key to the past.” -James Hutton. MINERAL DISCOVERY
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!Complete Table of Contents! BELLWORK: Fill the box BOX #1 :Read the article about Zircon and tell me: 1) What you learned 2) Why is it important? YOU MUST FILL THE ENTIRE BOX
“The present is the key to the past.” -James Hutton
MINERAL DISCOVERY Each specimen matches a number in the tin--- Don’t switch them!
ALL ANSWERS REQUIRED What color is it? Can you see through it? How heavy is it? What shape is it? Where do you think it came from? 1 sentence How do you think it formed? 1 sentence
North Carolina Minerals • Olivine • (Plagioclase) Feldspar • Quartz • (Biotite) Mica
Earth’s Energy Sources 1. The Sun 2. Earth’s Core
After the BIG BANG Crust Inner Core Outer Core Upper Mantle Lower Mantle
UPPER MANTLE: • Lithosphere – the crust & rigid upper mantle • Asthenosphere – the molten (melted) upper mantle Geosphere Lithosphere Asthenosphere
Lava vs. Magma Magma: liquid, molten material underground in the core and mantle Lava: magma that reaches the surface of the lithosphere
Mineral Definition: • Naturally occurring • Solid • Orderly crystal structure • Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic
How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes) • Crystallization from Magma • Precipitation (evaporated H2O) • High Pressure & Temperature • Hydrothermal (hot water) Solutions
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Iron • Steel
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Water • Diamond
Mineral vs. Non-Mineral • Seashell • Table Salt
Birthstones • January- Garnet Aug- Peridot • Feb- Amethyst Sep- Sapphire • Mar- Aquamarine Oct- Opal • Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz • May- Emerald Dec- Zircon • June- Pearl • July- Ruby
Birthstone Info Find out the mineral name for your birthstone and answer the following questions: What is the mineral name? How does it form? What elements does it contain? Sketch a picture What part of the world is found in?
Birthstone Minerals • January- Garnet Aug- Olivine • Feb- Quartz Sep- Corundum • Mar- Beryl Oct- Opal • Apr- Diamond Nov-Topaz • May- Beryl Dec- Zircon • June- Pearl • July- Corundum
Read pages:68 and 76What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Bellwork: Box #2 **Silently Read pages 68 and 76 Answer the following questions! 1.What is the difference between Weathering & Erosion? 2. What is the difference between compaction & cementation?
“Let us therefore open the book of Nature and read in her records…” James Hutton, Theory of the Earth 1788
ESI:Earth Science Investigation Content Area: Science
ROCKS! • 1. Obsidian • 2. Slate • 3. Granite (NC State Rock!) • 4. Sandstone
Scientific Controversy • Prior to the 1700’s: • Society believed :All rocks formed from water and chemical precipitation Most people thought granite crystallized from an ancient sea.
James Hutton: The Father of Modern Geology Proposed a new idea…
Hutton found clues that granite was once molten magma. There are places where the melted granite flowed into the surrounding rock. Can rocks melt?!!! Where are the clues? Hutton’s fieldwork showed that granite had once been molten.
Scientific Controversy • NEW VIEW • All rocks originate from fire • Volcanoes release internal pressure from the interior of the earth and form rocks underground
Plutonist Neptunist vs. An Earth from Fire An Earth from Water • Plutonism
Acceptance of Topic • 1830 – ACCEPTANCE Charles Lyell published, “Principles of Geology “ Scientific revolution led to thewidespread acceptance of the once- radical concept that the earth was constantly changing.
Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere. Topic: The Rock Cycle
James Hutton= Rock Cycle Contribution= Rock Cycle
Rocks • Solid material made of a mixture of naturally occurring minerals • Grouped into 3 main types, based on how they formed Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Intrusive rocks: formed deep within Earth Magma “intrudes” into existing rock Extrusive rocks: formed from lava at Earth’s surface Lava cools quickly in air 1. Igneous Processes
2. Sedimentary Processes • Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments. • Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity. • Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”. • Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks. • Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water. • Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.
3. Metamorphic Processes Metamorphism: • Changing of one type of rock in to another due to - • Tremendous heat • Great pressure • Chemical reactions ( a change in composition of minerals)
The Rock Cycle The continuous PROCESSES that cause rocks to change over time.