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P H O T O GRAP H Y 1 Art 141 Mich a e l Y u r ge l e s, Instructor L e c ture 4 IN THE NE W S REVIEW OF L E CTURE 3 H O RENSTEIN, CH A PTERS 4 &5 /W O RKBOOK H O RENSTEIN, CH A PTERS 6 / L EC T URE/DI S CU S S I ON A m er i c a n Phot o grap h y : A Ce n t u r y of I m ag e s
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PHOTOGRAPHY1 Art141 • MichaelYurgeles,Instructor Lecture4 • INTHENEWS • REVIEWOFLECTURE3 • HORENSTEIN,CHAPTERS 4&5/WORKBOOK • HORENSTEIN,CHAPTERS 6/LECTURE/DISCUSSION • American Photography:ACenturyofImages • PHOTOGRAPHERS:Julia MargaretCameron, SallyMann • HOMEWORKDUETODAY,February 17, 2014: • ReadingHorenstein,Chapters5&6 • (andcomplete workbook Chapters5&6) • American Photography PBS “The Developing Image” • EXPOSURE INTHENEWS
EXPOSURE OFANOTHERKIND... (TheStoryof theThreeBears) Not too hot andnot too cold butjust right.” EquivalentExposures-YourKeyTo Success! THECREATIVECONTROLS & FILMEXPOSURE Lastweek we learnedaboutAPERTURE andhow itcontrols the amountof lightreaching and exposingthe film.
Thisweek wewilllearnaboutSHUTTERSPEED and how bothAPERTURE andSHUTTER SPEEDare considered togetherto determine the correctfilmexposureinagiven lighting environment, and understand why this is critical making goodnegatives andprints. F-stops
AlfredStieglitz. Apples Can youtellwhatF-stopmayhavebeenused?
AlfredStieglitz. Dancing Canyou tellwhatF-stopmayhavebeenused?
AlfredStieglitz. Georgia O'Keeffe Canyou tellwhatF-stopmayhavebeenused?
AnselAdams. NewYork. CanyoutellwhatF-stopmayhave beenused?
Helen Levitt. NewYork Canyou tellwhatF-stopmayhavebeenused?
SHUTTER SPEED Themarkings onthe camera are thedenominators ofafraction ofa second. Example '125 is 1/125second.Inotherwordsitwould take 125 ofthis amount oftime tomakeonesecond. Othersettings can include“B”forbulb. When yourcameraisset on B,aslong asyou holddowntheshutterbutton,theshutterremains open. Thisis usedfor long,usuallynight exposures. “T”stands fortime. When yourcamera is setonT,you canpushthe releasebuttononce,andthe shutteropens,press itagainand the shutter closes. Again, this isusedfor longexposures. Commonlyusedshutterspeeds rangefrom'60to '1000. To stop action,useashutterspeedof'125 orhigher. To determinetheSLOWESTshutterspeed you can shoot atwithout camera movement,taketheFOCALLENGTHofyourlensand divide,1/X This istheshutterspeedyou cansafelyshootat. For example, ifyou were shooting with a50mmlens, youcould handholdthe cameraandtake thepictureat1/50second.
Fast shutter speed. 1/1000 second Panning-moving your camerawiththe subject.
EXPOSURE This isdirectlylinkedtothe amount oflighthitting agivenfilm. Itis determinedbythe ISOofthefilm,the aperture,and the shutter speed. Exposureis determined by measuringthelight inascene witha LIGHTMETER. Most35mmcameras havelight metersbuild in, althoughthere arealso handheldmeters
Equivalentexposuresmarkedonalightmeter. Lightmetersgiveacorrectreadingina scenewhereobjectsreflect18%ofthe light hittingthem,orcomingfrom them.
Whatyou see. What the camerameter sees. 18%gray. WHEREDOISTART?
-TIME(SHUTTER)PRIORITY why? Commonspeeds: '60 '125 -APERTUREPRIORITY why? Commonapertures: f/2.8 f/5.6 '250 '500 f/8 f/16 The light metermeasures the light in a givenscene-allowing you and/orthe camerato determine a correct exposure. This is donewith a numberofkinds ofdisplays.
You can setyourcameratooverorunderexposeby-2 to +2 stops forspecial lighting situations. EQUIVALENTEXPOSURES Thereareusuallymore thanone combinationofshutterspeedsand apertures youcanusetogetagood exposure. Forexamplef/8at1/125second= f/11at1/60second
Real worldexposureexamples.... AnselAdams.Leaves Awell made print.
Negative fromwhichtheAdamsprint wasmade.Notetherangeoftones.
ExposureProblems: AnOverExposedNegative Incorrectlyexposednegative.Toomuchexposureyieldinga“dense”negative.
Underexposednegative. Noteenoughexposure.Notelackof information,andcontrast.