The Introduction

1. Lecture 1 The Introduction iwanfauzi09@yahoo.com

2. What is Sociolinguistics? It is aspects of linguistics applied towards connections between language and society It is the way use language in different social situations Language Society Sociolinguistics

3. Society : Any group of people who live together for a certain purpose Language : The members of a particular society speak Social: How and where the members of a society interact and communicate Three components of Sociolinguistics

4. The area being studied in sociolinguistics:

5. Macro-sociolinguistics: The society attitudes toward the functional distribution of speech forms in society; language shift and maintenance; replacement and interaction of speech communities. - In other words macro-sociolinguistics moves alongside with other human cultural phenomena Macro-sociolinguistics focuses more on society as a whole, in relation to language. In short, macro-sociolinguistics, the emphasis is on society.

6. Micro-sociolinguistics: It influences the way people talk and how language varieties and patterns of use correlate with social attributes such as class, gender and age. In a simplistic term micro-sociolinguisticsexplores the ways in which society influences a speaker's idiolect. The specific language of a person - and how people communicate with one another in line with different social variables/factors. For example: BriEnglish, AmEnglish and Singlish. Micro-sociolinguistics,the emphasis is on language.

7. Sociolinguistics attempts to answer:

8. The interesting cases to study in Sociolinguistics:

9. For example: Context A: Ray: Hello mum Mum: Hi. You are late. Ray: Yeah, that bastard sootbucket kept me in again. ContextB: Ray: Good afternoon, sir Principal:What are you doing here at this time? Ray:Mr Sutton kept us in, sir A. Social context:

10. Notes on Ray’s language: Speak to mother: ‘Hello’ – to greet ‘mum’ – as an address form ‘bastard’ and‘Sootbucket’ – nicknames for teacher This conversation describes arelationship : intimate and friendly tone. Speak to the Principal: ‘Good afternoon’ – to greet ‘sir’ – as an address form ‘Mr. Suton’ – to refer to the teacher This conversation describes arelationship : formal, distant and respectful tone

11. This is to say that :

12. B. Different Expression For example:At 5 o’clock, Norhayati Merican, a manager, leaves her office. As she leaves ...

13. The conversation when Norhayati Merican arrives home:

14. This is to say that :

15. C. Linguistic variation: All these areas offer different linguistic styles to be used in different social context

16. For example: Woman: Give ‘imsomething! Man:‘Knock ‘is ‘ead off’ Woman: The man knocked ‘er down and just walked away. The above examples show obvious linguistic variation pronunciation by dropping the ‘h’ initial consonant. • Refuse should be deposited in the receptacle provided. • Put your rubbish in the bin, Kamal The use of the passive grammatical structureand avoids any mention of the doer (1st sentenc) An imperative verb form ‘Put’ and an address form ‘Kamal’ is used (2nd one)

17. This is to say that :

18. Conclusion: • Sociolinguistics is the study of language as it affects and is affected by social relations. • Sociolinguistics examinesdifferent dialects, accents, and levels of diction in light of social distinctions among people. • Sociolinguistics studieshow language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education and age.

19. Thank You