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NO2/NOx ratio : a view from the Automotive Industry Alain Petit, Renault May, 2nd 2006

NO2/NOx ratio : a view from the Automotive Industry Alain Petit, Renault May, 2nd 2006. Average concentrations NO 2 and NO in Europe in urban traffic conditions. NO. NO. 2. 70. 110. 65. 100. UK. 60. 90. Belgium. 55. 80. 50. Netherlands. 45. 70. 40. Germany. 60. 35. 50.

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NO2/NOx ratio : a view from the Automotive Industry Alain Petit, Renault May, 2nd 2006

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  1. NO2/NOx ratio : a view from the Automotive Industry Alain Petit, Renault May, 2nd 2006

  2. Average concentrations NO2 and NO in Europe in urban traffic conditions NO NO 2 70 110 65 100 UK 60 90 Belgium 55 80 50 Netherlands 45 70 40 Germany 60 35 50 Switzerland 30 40 25 Austria 20 30 15 Spain 20 10 10 Italy 5 0 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 source : ETC - ACC / AirBase A certain stabilisation of NO2 concentrations essentially seen at roadside stations accross Europe.

  3. NO2/NOx ratios in passenger cars Emission Regulation expressed in NOx as NO2 equivalent. So, this assumes that all NO is converted in NO2 in the air. This leads to overestimate the actual NO + NO2 sum in the exhaust gas.

  4. NO2/NOx ratios in gasoline passenger cars No evolution of NO2/NOx ratios of gasoline vehicles. NO2 represents of few percent of total NOx

  5. NO2/NOx ratios in diesel passenger cars Euro 3 (mean over 15 cars)Euro 4 (mean over 11 cars) ECE 15 % 30% EUDC 33 % 54 % NEDC 25% 43 % On average, increase of NO2/NOx ratios from diesel Euro 3 to diesel Euro 4. But, further investigation needed to understand the car to car impact

  6. Impact of aftertreatment on NO2/NOxemissions • Study based on simulations on a diesel 2.0 litre engine. • Reducing NOx by using high EGR rates leads to increase engine-out CO and HC. • Complying with CO and HC standards implies to improve the oxidation catalyst, • with increase of NO2/NOx ratio as a side-effect. • Relaxing CO and HC limits will help to decrease NO2/NOx ratios CO NO2 NO2/NOx HC NOx Euro 5 with Euro 4 aftertreatment Euro 5 with Euro 5 aftertreatment* Euro 5 with Euro 3 aftertreatment Source : PSA * Euro 5 based on EC proposal of dec. 2005

  7. Analysis of urban NO2 sources andthe effect on NO2 air quality.Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kessler (AVISO GmbH, Aachen)Dr. Juliane Theis (BMW AG, München)Dr. Rainer Vogt (Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH)Antriebsleitertreffen München, 2.Mai 2006

  8. Analysis of urban NO2 sources and the effect on NO2 air quality. • Scope: Modeling of NO2 concentrations at the roadside of main artery road • (Corneliusstreet Dusseldorf, Germany) • Step 1: Detailed calculation of traffic emissions (45000 vehicles/d) • Step 2: Air quality modeling • modeling of transport and chemistry with box model based on • RADM2 (161 chemical reactions and 59 chemical species) • input: traffic emissions and ambient background concentrations •  ambient background for a typical summer day

  9. Emission model results: 2005 2010 Base case 12% NO2/ NOx 17% NO2/ NOx Max. case 20 % NO2/ NOx 32 % NO2/ NOx PC diesel 57.0% Main artery road: vehicle count & NO2 emissions. Year 2005. PC gasoline 67.2% vehicles/day per category NO2 emission per category • the traffic is dominated by passenger cars • main NO2 emission source are diesel pass. cars, • but also busses + HD trucks are major contributors

  10. 12 % (7µg/m³) of NO2 conc. due to direct NO2 emission • 41% (25 µg/m³) of NO2 conc. due to chemistry NO + O3 NO2 + O2 • 47 % (30 µg/m³) of NO2 conc. due to background NO2 conc. NO2 concentration at road side: diurnal variations.Base case 2005.

  11. NO2 concentration is determined by location and transport: at the city park: - background NO2 conc. - increasing influence of chemistry - negligible influence of primary NO2 emission at the road side: • background NO2 conc. • chemistry • primary NO2 emissions Contribution of specific phenomena to ambient NO2 concentration (base case 2005).

  12. Preliminary conclusions • By regulating NOx as NO2 equivalent, NO2 is already taken • into account in emission regulations. • Clear increase of NO2/NOx ratios from exhaust diesel cars • since the introduction of oxidation catalyst: • Chemistry seems to have a higher impact that primary NO2 from diesel cars • Further investigation is needed to reach a better understanding of NO to NO2 conversion in diesel exhaust gas. Relaxing CO and HC limits will help to reduce the NO2 concentrations.

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