Road Safety Audit and Risk Management Guide

1. Improve safety • Interdisciplinary teams • Existing or new roadway • Planning • Construction • Design • ID problem elements • ID opportunities

2. Road Safety Audit Objectives • to identify potential safety problems for all road users and others affected by a road project and • to ensure that measures to eliminate or reduce the problem are considered fully.

3. Road Safety Audit and Risk Management Although discussed as separate items, they are clearly related Audits provide an assessment of the relative safety performance of scheme options and identify specific safety needs of various road users. They also may highlight the need to re-design other nearby road or traffic projects to safely accommodate changes in traffic.

4. Risk Management goal To identify, quantify, and control exposure to tort liability a risk management program must • Recognize and anticipate the degree of legal risk inherent in all of programs, procedures, or actions; • Ensure that available resources are used to minimize risk and prevent loss • Prepare a timely, defensive response for actual or threatened legal actions; and • Manage claims to result in proper resolution while achieving economy

5. Team quals: • Crash investigation • Traffic engineering • Road design • Enforcement • Maintenance • EMS • Human factors • Background info • Plans, volumes, crash data

7. Safety Audit: General Elements • location being studied, • type of facility, • type of traffic control, • history of problems or crashes, and • reason for the study.

8. Condition Diagram • Intersections: Identify by name, type of pavement (if applicable) and width of street • Traffic Control Devices (signs, signals and pavement markings) • Pavement Markings: Centerline, Passing Zones, Auxiliary Markings, Stop Bars, Crosswalks • Signs: All signs within the right-of-way, including non-MUTCD signs, sign sizes • Pavement and shoulder widths and any surface irregularities in the drawing or text • Speed limits on all approaches in drawing or text

9. Conditon diagram (continued) • Driveways: Identify type of pavement of drive (concrete, asphalt, grass, gravel ), and • use (residential or commercial) • Curb: Identify type of curb, height, etc. • Median: Identify type of median (grass, concrete, asphalt, etc.) and width • Cross corner sight distance at intersection or driveway with crashes in diagram or text • Bridges and Culvert if involved in accident • Other items that may be a contributing factor

10. Conditon diagram – additonal if appropriate • Show evidence of parking within R/W if any • Utility Poles / anchors • Guardrail: Include distance from edge of pavement, height, type of end treatment • Fire Hydrants • Highway lighting • Trees and other vegetation, If contributing factor to the crash problem • Roadside features: steep grades, ditch locations along roadside

11. COLLISION DIAGRAMS Schematic drawing that has been compiled from a series of individual crash reports relative to a specific location (intersection or section), which shows • the direction of the vehicles travel prior to contact, • pedestrians whose presence contributed to a collision. • a minimum of three years of latest crash data

12. COLLISION DIAGRAMS (continued) Each crash should include the following information as a minimum: • date, • time, • pavement conditions • Collision types (rear end, sideswipe, turning, etc) • fault, should also be shown (i.e. injury, intoxicated, ran stop sign or red light, etc.).

13. Crash Analysis The crash analysis procedures include the study and analysis of crash characteristics of a site. Characteristics such as crash type, severity, contributing factors, environmental conditions, and time period data are analyzed. Detailed analysis of these characteristics are conducted to identify safety problems and their possible causes. Analysis tools may include histograms, critical rate assessments, other statistical analysis, and professional assessment

14. Modification Recommendations Condition diagrams, collision diagrams and analysis summaries provide the base for potential improvements. Recommended improvements will require additional analyses to assess the potential benefits of potential improvements (crash reduction factors) and the return on investments.