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Evolution of Personal Computing and the World Wide Web

Explore the journey from the first personal computers to the birth of the World Wide Web, including Moore's Law, key milestones, and the decentralization of internet regulation. Discover how technologies converged to shape modern communication.

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Evolution of Personal Computing and the World Wide Web

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  1. New Technology, Part 2 Personal computing to the World Wide Web JAMM 100

  2. Schedule Update • Today: Internet and World Wide Web • Please sign attendance sheet • Pick up Exam 3 scores (after class) • Next week: Thanksgiving Break • NO CLASS • Week of Nov. 29: Media law and ethics JAMM 100

  3. Exam 4 • Thursday, Dec. 16, 10 a.m. • No early exams allowed • “I have received, read, and understand all the information contained in the course syllabus for JAMM 100, Media & Society. I am aware that the final exam is on Thursday, Dec. 16, 2010, at 10 a.m.” JAMM 100

  4. Clicker Quiz #1 The first large U.S. computer, the ENIAC, was used for: a) Financial planning b) Word processing c) Playing games d) Electronic mail e) Artillery calculations for the Army JAMM 100

  5. Clicker Quiz #11 The first large U.S. computer, the ENIAC, was used for: e) Artillery calculations for the Army JAMM 100

  6. Miniaturization • Vacuum tube (1904) • Transistor (1947) • Printed circuit (1960s) • Microchip (1970s) JAMM 100

  7. Moore’s Law: 1965 Gordon Moore, former CEO of Intel, predicted: • Computing speed, memory would double every 2 years • Computers would get smaller JAMM 100

  8. Moore’s Law JAMM 100

  9. 1st Personal Computer • 1975: Altair 8800 • Sold as a mail-order kit • Used an Intel memory chip • No keyboard or monitor • Imitators followed, including 1st Apple JAMM 100

  10. Personal Computing • April 1, 1976: 1st Apple computer • Steve Wozniak (l) & Steve Jobs • 1st graphical interface using ‘mouse’ JAMM 100

  11. Personal Computing • IBM personal computer • Sold 1981-1987 • Originally designed for businesses to replace main-frame computers JAMM 100

  12. 1984: Apple introduces the Mac • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYecfV3ubP8

  13. 1984: Apple introduces the Mac • Shown during Super Bowl, Jan. 22, 1984 • Critics called it ‘masterpiece’ of advertising • Does Big Brother represent IBM?

  14. 1984: Apple introduces the Mac • Director: Ridley Scott • Blade Runner (1982)

  15. Computing as Communication Convergence of 3 technologies: • Calculator • Typewriter • Telegraph JAMM 100

  16. Telegraphy • Point-to-point communication • Morse Code • Dots, dashes were analog version of 0s, 1s • Telegraph lines = network JAMM 100

  17. The Internet Convergence of trends: • Information sharing by mainframes (1960s) • Personal computing (1980s) • Enhanced graphic capability (1990s) JAMM 100

  18. Internet: 1960s • Height of Cold War • Fear of Soviet nuclear attack • Pentagon wanted to be sure military could communicate • Rand Corp. (think tank) designed original network … but never built • i.e., the Net JAMM 100

  19. Internet: 1960s • 1969: DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) connected 4 U.S. universities • UCLA • UC-Santa Barbara • Stanford • University of Utah JAMM 100

  20. Internet History: Video JAMM 100

  21. Internet History: 1970s-1980s • 1973: Net goes international (Britain, Norway) • 1982: “Internet” first used to describe international network JAMM 100

  22. World Wide Web • 1991: Tim Berners-Lee suggests idea at Swiss research institute • 1993: Mosaic browser created at University of Illinois • 1995: Mosaic becomes Netscape [now defunct] JAMM 100

  23. World Wide Web Characteristics: • Graphics/icons • Hypertext links: ability to go from site to site by clicking • Multi-media (images, audio, video) JAMM 100

  24. URL: Universal Resource Locator hypertext transfer protocol: http host computer: uidaho top-level domain (TLD): edu World Wide Web JAMM 100

  25. Original top-level domains .com, .edu, .org, .net, .gov, Recent additions .aero, .biz, .coop, .info., .name, .tv Now: Chinese, Arabic, other non-Latin alphabet characters World Wide Web JAMM 100

  26. Understanding the Web • Decentralized design • No central editor • Interactivity: Users = producers JAMM 100

  27. Internet Regulation • Outside FCC’s jurisdiction • 1996: Congress passed Communications Decency Act • 1997: Supreme Court overturned CDA (restriction on free speech) JAMM 100

  28. Internet Regulation • Today: No one controls content • Technology outpaces regulation • Analogy: The Wild West JAMM 100

  29. Clicker Quiz #2 What was the original rationale for the Internet? • Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton recognized the commercial potential of shopping by computer. • Ted Turner saw it as a logical extension of his 24-hour news channel, CNN. • The Pentagon was looking for a way to maintain communications after a nuclear attack. • Microsoft founder Bill Gates sought a new application for personal computers. • Congress authorized it in the Freedom of Information Act of 1966. JAMM 100

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