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Understanding Chromosomes and DNA Replication

Explore the essence of chromosomes and DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, revealing DNA length and structure, along with the intricate process of DNA replication aided by key enzymes like DNA Polymerase.

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Understanding Chromosomes and DNA Replication

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  1. 12-2 Chromosomes and DNA Replication Pg. 295

  2. A. DNA and Chromosomes • 1. Prokaryotes have no nucleus; contain a single, circular strand of DNA.

  3. A. DNA and Chromosomes • 2. Eukaryotes have 1000 times more DNA and it is more complicated.

  4. A. DNA and Chromosomes • 3. DNA Length • E.Coli Bacteria (large intestine) 4,639,221 Nitrogen Bases!! (1.6mm long)

  5. A. DNA and Chromosomes • 4. Chromosome Structure • a. Nucleus of a human cell contains 1 meter of DNA! • b. Human DNA binds with protein called histones to form chromatin.

  6. B. DNA Replication • 1. Replication is a copying process used by DNA to duplicate (copy) itself. • 2. During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates.

  7. B. DNA Replication • 3. Next, 2 new strands are made following the base pairing rules (A-T, C-G).

  8. B. DNA Replication • 4. Each original strand of the double helix serves as a template for the 2 new strands (Semi-Conservative).

  9. B. DNA Replication • 5. Many enzymes carry out replication (EX: Helicase unzips DNA) but the main enzyme is DNA Polymerase: • Joins nucleotides to make a DNA molecule • Proofreads DNA to correct mistakes animation

  10. Replicate this DNA!!

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