Chapter 19 The Interwar Years: The Challenge of Dictators and Depression part 2

1. Chapter 19 The Interwar Years: The Challenge of Dictators and Depression part 2

2. The Great Depression

3. In order to help exports many countries abandoned the gold standard Countries enact high protective tariffs to help home industries Some countries place quotas on the amount of imports

4. The prosperity of the 20’s had a shaky base • It was built on a few key industries • It was largely based on credit • The agricultural boom was based on war shortages

5. When these conditions stopped, so did prosperity The Stock Market triggered the Depression, that began in American and spread to Europe

6. Financial Troubles *Reparations and war debt - France demands reparations from Germany -US demands repayment of loans from England and France

7. Germany’s ability to pay reparations come largely from loans from US and European banks

8. With the Stock Market Crash, US banks do not have the capital to lend to Europe

9. Agricultural Problems New governments in Eastern and Central Europe turned to land reform Large estates are turned into small peasant farms

10. These farms are inefficient and farmers are unable to earn enough to buy new equipment or consumer goods Farmers are not helped by the decreasing price of farm products

11. The Labour Party comes to power in 1924 and 1929 under Ramsey Mac Donald In 1931 MacDonald goes back on some of the Labour goals in order to combat the Depression and many from the Party reject him

12. A coalition government known as the National government with mainly Conservatives and some Labour under MacDonald takes over in 1931

13. They make some changes to fight the Depression • Reject the gold standard • Balance budget with cuts in unemployment and government wages • 10% tariff

14. This is a surprise since gold and free trade have been a standard of the British commercial policy

15. The Irish Question

16. Britain voted Home Rule for Ireland in 1914 but deferred it until the end of the war Irish rise up in the Easter Rebellion of 1916, which the British put down

17. After the war Sinn Fein leads a guerilla war against England that results in recognition of the Irish Free State and dominion status. . . Except for Northern Ireland

18. 1949 all ties are broken with the Commonwealth and the country is renamed the Republic of Ireland The problems in Ulster remained

19. The Statute of Westminster of 1931 defined dominion status as equal to each other and England No act passed by Parliament was binding to the dominions except by their consent

20. France French government still assailed from the left and the right On the left the Radical Socialist and Moderate Socialist can not agree enough to cooperate against the government

21. Key figure from the right is Raymond Poincare As Primer he sends French troops in to the Ruhr He establishes a new tax system, cuts government spending, builds new modern factories to replace those destroyed in war

22. While French workers did not share as much in the prosperity of the 20’s, the Depression was not as severe as in other countries

23. In the 30’s there is a rise of Fascist like groups in France, often with financial support of the wealthy In 1934 there are riots in France led by right-wing extremists that threaten the Chamber of Deputies

24. With the right threatening the government, the left found a reason to support it The various groups on the left form a coalition known as the Popular Front

25. In 1936 they campaign on a pledge to defend the republic against fascism, to take measures against the depression, and introduce labor reform With their victory Leon Blum becomes the new Premier

26. Leon Blum

27. Blum gets much social legislation through including a 40 hour work week, collective bargaining, farm subsidies, and nationalization of aviation industry

28. Popular Front lasts only a year and the conservative government that follows keeps some of the reforms in place

29. Hitler

30. Born 20, 1889 outside of Linz Austria Father: Alois Mother: Clara Father was customs agent

34. 1903: Father dies 1905: Hitler leaves school 1907: fails test for admission to Art School Mom dies

35. 1908: fails test again Stays in Vienna – sells pictures

40. Vienna 1900

41. Vienna has highly visible Jewish population – 10% Also has vocal anti-Semetic groups Mayor of Vienna led one

42. Hitler’s first exposure to anti-Semetic literature Begins to associate Jews with Socialism and Communism

43. Hitler moves to Munich When WWI comes he avoids service in Austrian Army Joins German Army instead

44. Hitler becomes dispatch runner Gets Iron Cross 2nd and 1st Class

45. Hitler as a soldier

46. October 13, 1918 Hitler injured in gas attack

47. After war Hitler assigned to Army Political Department to investigate political parties & give anti-socialist speeches to soldiers

48. September 12, 1919 goes to meeting of German Workers Party Only 25 people there

49. Hitler joins party as member #7

50. KEYS TO HITLER’S PROPAGANDA *a few ideas *no depth-keep it simple *use stereotypes