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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. World War II. Although times were hard in the United States throughout the Great Depression they were worse in other countries. DICTATORS of WWII . Rise of dictators throughout Europe Totalitarian - form of government that controls every aspect of citizens lives. STALIN.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II

  2. World War II Although times were hard in the United States throughout the Great Depression they were worse in other countries.

  3. DICTATORS of WWII • Rise of dictators throughout Europe • Totalitarian- form of government that controls every aspect of citizens lives

  4. STALIN • STALIN- “man of Steel” leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Lenin, who started the Communist Party • Communism- a totalitarian system of in which a single authoritarian government party controls state-owned means of production • Stalin’s Goals • Increase Agricultural Production- 5 year plan forming collectives- government owned farms • Modernize Industry (by 1937, 2nd largest industrial power) • Stalin’s Great Purge- killing off party officials • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGUEaFElzRY

  5. MUSSOLINI • Mussolini- “Il Duce” the leader, organized the fascists party after WWI • Fascism- philosophy which places importance of the nation above the value of the individual • Marched on Rome in 1922 with “black shirts” and was named Prime minister out of fear by the king • Outlawed elections, labor unions, political parties • “The Country is Nothing without Conquest” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIxAsangFZc

  6. HITLER • Hitler- Led the Nazi Party after WWI • Nazism- philosophy of racism and nationalism under a single leader. Purifying race-Aryan race (blond hair, blue eyes) • 1923- failed attempt to over throw German’s government, jailed, wrote “Mien Kampf”- my struggle while in jail • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7Y9pRxThoA • HitlersSpeech: Youth Rally in 1935 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1KepSpRv5A&feature=related

  7. TOJO • General Hideki Tojo- 1941- became leader of Militarist Japan • Militarism- Philosophy of increased military power with a strong sense of nationalism • Main goal- prepare the nation for war and territorial expansion

  8. League of Nations Tested • 1935- Italy Invades Ethopia • 1936- Italy Invades North Africa • 1936- Spanish Civil War- Franco becomes dictator overthrowing their republic • 1936 Germany occupies the Rhineland (west Germany) • 1936- Germany occupies the Sudentantlands (Austria, Czechoslovakia)

  9. Policies and Pacts • APPEASEMENT- giving into an enemy’s demand in order to maintain peace • Munich Pact- Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France agree to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland • Churchill “By this time next year we shall know whether the policy of appeasement has appeased, or whether it has only stimulated a more ferocious appetite” • Non-Aggression Pact- Hitler signs a non aggression pact with Stalin in 1939 to avoid a two front war

  10. WWII BEGINS • GERMANY INVADES POLAND- Sept 1st 1939- France and Britain declare war on Germany • Blitzkrieg- “Lightening War” • 1940- Germany invades France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands • Britain Stands Alone… • 1940-Battle of Britain- RAF (Royal Air Force) defeated Germany in the air and defended their homeland, despite the bombings and damage

  11. United States Claims Neutrality • 1935- Neutrality Acts- prevented US from supplying arms to nations of conflict • 1939- Cash and Carry Policy- amendment to the neutrality acts where countries could pay cast for materials and carry them on their own ships • 1941- Lend Lease Act- lending arms to Britain

  12. Japan attacks US • PEARL HARBOR- December 7th 1941- Japan surprise attacked Pearl Harbor, a naval base in Hawaii • Less than 2 hours… 2,400 Americans Died, 1,200 wounded, 18 Ships and 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed • “A Day that will Live in Infamy” • US declares war on Japan the next day • Germany and Italy declare war on the US

  13. Chapter 35: American Prepare for War

  14. American Economy Organizing for War • War Productions Board- WPB- switching to wartime industry, depression ENDS! • GDP- Gross Domestic Product- total value of goods and services produced in a country within a year, up 116% from 1940-44 • Taxes and Bonds- used to finance the war • National Debt Increased- 1940 50 million 1944 over 200 million • Price Controls- legal restrictions of prices used to control inflation

  15. American GI’s • GI- Government Issued • Assembling a Fighting Force- draftees and volunteers • Preparing the troops to fight- 8 weeks of training • Hardships and Opportunities- Fear, Homesick, Stress, but a feeling of pride, and liberty in their country

  16. Japanese Americans • “Enemy Aliens”- Italian, German, Japanese ancestors living in the US had to carry an ID card to prove they were not spies • Interment Camps- Center for confining people for reasons of national security • Executive Order 9066- Feb. 1942, over 100,000 Japanese Americans Forced onto Internment Camps • Korematsuvs United States- Fred Korematsu refused to go to an interment camp, convicted in court. Civil rights can be set aside during a time of war. • Life in Internment Camps- rows of barracks, barbed wire fences, one room apartments, common bathrooms and dining areas. No physical labor or harm.

  17. Women at War • Rosie the Riveter- 6 million additional women took jobs outside the home to help wartime production, pay still less and some hostility • “The more women at work, the sooner we win” • WAC- Women’s Army Corp, WAVES, SPARS, all behind the lines in the war effort (nurses, pilots, radio operators)

  18. African American Fight for TWO victories • Chicago Defender proposed a question “why die for democracy for some foreign country when we don’t have it hear?” • Double V Campaign- victory of democracy at home and abroad • Tuskegee Airmen– 1st black combat unit 1941, showed African Americans could handle the most demanding assignments. Shot down 400 German attackers and never lost a bomber plane to enemies • Equality on the Homefront- race riots over jobs and inequality occurred. NAACP and CORE set the stage for post war civil rights movement

  19. Jewish Americans • Holocaust- Nazi Germany’s systematic murder or 11 million people • Anti Semitism, Nuremburg Laws, and Kristalnacht • Secret State Police or Gestapo placed the Undesirables in concentration camps • Final Solution- death camps, extermination centers with gas chambers • War Refugee Board- 1944 agency created for Jewish refugees to stay at centers in Italy and North Africa at US army camps (to escape the holocaust)

  20. Mexican Americans • Many Mexican Americans left the Fields and joined the army or worked in industrial centers for war production • Braceros- 120,000 manual laborers from southern Mexico worked in the fields for food production • Zoot Suit Riots- Clash between Sailors/Marines and young Mexican Americansin Barrios (Mexican Neighborhoods)

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