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NIGERIA

NIGERIA. An overview. Overview. - History - Geography - Economics - Culture. History of Nigeria. 11th-19th century. The area in and around Nigeria parted into societies - North-central: Hausa city-state/Kingdom of Katsina,Kano, Zaria, Gobir - North-east: Kingdom of Borno

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NIGERIA

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  1. NIGERIA An overview

  2. Overview - History - Geography - Economics - Culture

  3. History of Nigeria

  4. 11th-19th century The area in and around Nigeria parted into societies - North-central: Hausa city-state/Kingdom of Katsina,Kano, Zaria, Gobir - North-east: Kingdom of Borno - South-west: Yoruba city-states/Kingdom of Ife, Oyo, Ijebu - South: Kingdom of Benin - East: Igbo

  5. The 19th century - slave trade -> agricultural produce expanded from Africa to Europe - 1861: coastal territory of Lagos became British colony - until 1900: United Kingdom "conquered" territory of (nearly) present-day Nigeria

  6. The 20th century - 1903: British forces took Sokoto - 1906: UK controlled whole Nigeria -> 1) Lagos (Colony) 2) Protectorate of Southern Nigeria 3) Protectorate of Northern Nigeria

  7. - 1914: Northern and Southern Protectorate were merged to single territory - 1922: legislative council was built - 1947: federal system of government introduced by Britains ->3 regions: Eastern-Western-Northern Aim: - accomodating the interest of diverse ethnic groups -reconcile tensions

  8. - 1951: ministerial government introduced - 1954: self-governing Problem: conflicting demands for autonomy and central government Solution: federal government + regional autonomy

  9. -> 1. October 1960: Federation of Nigeria Problem: threats to federal government -> political groupings and alliances formated Solution: ??? - 1963: Nigeria became Republic - since then: Eventful time!!!

  10. Today - Consitution: adopted from 1979 - Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law and tribal law - Legislative branch: National Assembly consists of Senate and House of Representatives - Elections: last held 2003

  11. Geography Nigeria lies in West Africa - North border -> Niger - East border -> Cameroon - South border -> Atlantic ocean • West border -> Benin

  12. - country consists of 36 states and the • capital used to be Lagos until 1991

  13. Abuja is the current one (it`s also called Federal Capital Territory). - Abuja is not really a state, but it takes small parts of a few states lying centrally located in the country.

  14. House of Parliament, Abuja

  15. The National Mosque, Abuja

  16. Total Area - 923,770 sq. km • Total Land Area - 910,770 sq. km • Total Land Boundaries – 4047 km • - Coastline – 853 km

  17. - arable land 33% - permanent crops 3% - permanent pastures 44% - forest and woodland 12% - other 8%

  18. Climate - Lying between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer -> very hot - 2 main “temperature regions” - tropical region in the south, temeratures around 90°F - subtropical regions in the north. temperatures between 60°F and 100°F

  19. - 2 main seasons: - the rainy season May – September (North) March – November (South) - dry season - Harmattan season (South) – dry and cold

  20. Rivers - main rivers: - Benue - Niger (gave Nigeria its name) - Region where Niger meets ocean -> known as “Delta”

  21. Economics • Government • political instability, corruption, poor economic management • overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues[1]

  22. Population • Population below poverty line: 60% • Labor force: 66 million • Labor force by occupation: agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% • Unemployment rate: 28% • Budget revenues: $3.4 billion • expenditures: $3.6 billion

  23. Basic data • Industries: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

  24. agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth  food has to be imported • reform urged by IMF: modernization of the banking system; to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands; and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry

  25. agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth  food has to be imported • reform urged by IMF: modernization of the banking system; to curb inflation by blocking excessive wage demands; and to resolve regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry

  26. Industrial production growth rate: 0.4% • Oil reserves: 27 billion bbl • Petroleum interests lead to armed conflicts among local population and militias • Natural gas reserves: 4.007 trillion cu m

  27. Agriculture products: cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum[2], millet[3], cassava[4] (tapioca), yams[5], rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, timber[6], fish

  28. 32% of Nigeria’s land is arable • Bad quality of the country’s water, air and soil  human and environmental factors (periodic droughts, flooding; rapid deforestation, soil degradation[7], desertification[8], urban air and water pollution, rapid urbanization destroys arable land and pollution by oil spills)

  29. Import • Imports: $13.6 billion • Import commodities: machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals • Import partners: UK 8.8%, US 8.6%, Germany 7.9%, France 6.8%, China

  30. Export • Exports: $17.3 billion • Export commodities[9]: petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber, palm kernels[10], cotton, yam, hides[11] and skins • Export partners: USA 47.7%, Spain 10.0%, India 7.7%, France 6.1%, Brazil (2001), Germany, Italy, India • Electricity exports: 20 million kWh • Nigeria is a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian and North American markets

  31. Finances • Currency: Naira (NGN), coins: Kobo (100 Kobo = 1 Naira) • Bills: 1-, 5- 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-Naira bill • Exchange rates: Naira per US dollar - NA (2002), 111.231 (2001), 101.697 (2000), 92.3381 (1999), 21.886 (1998)  inflation • Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14.2% • Economic aid recipient: ODA[12] $250 million

  32. $1 billion credit from the IMF[13] • External dept: $29.7 billion • GDP composition by sectors: agriculture: 45%; industry: 20%; services: 35% • Major money-laundering centre  major problem (cf. corruption, unwillingness and criminal activity of government)

  33. [1] Einnahmen, Staatseinkünfte • [2] Hirse • [3] Hirse • [4] Maniok • [5] Süßkartoffeln • [6] Nutzholz • [7] Abbau, Abtragung • [8] Das Vordringen der Wüste • [9] Waren, Wirtschaftsgüter, Bedarfsartikel • [10] Samen, Kerne • [11] Fellhaut • [12] Official Development Assistance • [13] International Monetary Fund

  34. Currency - “Naira” - coin equivalents, the “Kobo” -> 100 Kobo = 1 Naira - Bills: - 1-Naira bill, - 5-Naira bill, - 20-Naira bill, - 50-Naira bill, - 100-Naira bill, - 200-Naira bill and - 500-Naira bill

  35. Culture

  36. Culture - population: 133.881.703 - average life expectancy: 51 years -median Age:total: 18.63 years (2005 est.) -total fertility rate: 5.53 children born/woman (2005 est.) - people living with Aids: 3, 5 millions - literacy: 68% of the people over 15 can read and write

  37. Ethnic groups: - more than 250 ethnic groups - Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo) Religions: - Muslim 50% - Christian 40% - traditional African beliefs

  38. Languages: - about 430 languages - more than 1000 dialects Most important languages: - English (official), - Pidgin - Hausa - Yoruba - Igbo (Ibo) - Fulani

  39. Pidgin English - variation of English - called ‘Pidgin English’ or ‘broken English’ - examles: “I’m going” -> “I de go” “I won’t” -> “I no” “what” -> “wetin”

  40. Dress code - Traditional men’s clothing: - comfortable - shirt extending to the knees - Traditional women’s clothing: - long wrap-around skirt - short-sleeved top - scarf

  41. Types of food - meats: goat, cow, chicken, turkey, geese, guinea fowls, pigeon, fish, shrimp, crab, seafood in general - fruits & vegetables: oranges, bananas, pineapples, tangerines, carrots, watermelons, guava, melons, limes, grape fruits, mangos, apples, peppers, tomatoes, onions, peas, yams, etc. - Palm oil (made from palm kernels) ist often used for cooking

  42. yams roasting corn

  43. Drinks - drinks: water, palm wine, soft drinks, fruit drinks, beer, wine, zobo (tastes like fruit punch)

  44. No longer at ease - young man, Obi Okonkwo - returns to Nigeria after years of studying in England - job in the civil service - introduced to bribery - gets to know consequences of bribery - his own world of a well educated young Nigerian falls apart

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