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National Identity and Internet: A Cohort Study in Hong Kong. Heng Lu 1* , Tai- Quan Peng 2 , Jonathan J. H. Zhu 1 1. City University of Hong Kong; 2. Macau University of Science and Technology * Ph.D. Candidate, Web Mining Lab, Department of COM. Conceptualization of National Identity.
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National Identity and Internet: A Cohort Study in Hong Kong Heng Lu 1*, Tai-Quan Peng 2, Jonathan J. H. Zhu 1 1. City University of Hong Kong; 2. Macau University of Science and Technology * Ph.D. Candidate, Web Mining Lab, Department of COM
Conceptualization of National Identity • National identity is dynamically constructed • Collective (vs. individual) • Affective (vs. informative) • Changing Context: Globalization; Subnational, national, supranational forms of citizenship (e.g., EU, China, Canada)
Operationalization of National IdentityLocal vs. National Hybrid Hong Konger first, then Chinese Chinese first, then Hong Konger National Local Hong Konger Chinese Single
Operationalization of National Identity: Single vs. Hybridized Hybrid Hong Konger first, then Chinese Chinese first, then Hong Konger National Local Hong Konger Chinese Single
Claims and Propositions National identity is cohort-dependent Internet effect is cohort-dependent Impressionable-year (socialization) Aging-stability
Why Hong Kong? • National identity in Hong Kong has no obvious nationalistic component. • Internet penetration rate increasing steadily from 40% in 2000 to 69% in 2008.
Aims of the Current Study • To describe the cohort trend of national identity in Hong Kong • To empirically examine the effects of Internet adoption and Internet use on national identity respectively • To uncover the conditional effect of the generational cohort on the relationship between Internet adoption/use and national identity
Hypotheses: Main Effects • H1. The younger cohort an individual belongs to, the more likely he/she will have a hybridized national identity. • H2. Internet users are more likely to have a hybridized national identity than Internet non-users. • H3a. The more time an individual spends on the Internet, the more likely he/she will have a hybridized national identity. • H3b. The more diverse websites an Internet user visits, the more likely he/she will have a hybridized national identity.
Hypotheses: Moderate Effect • H4. The effect of Internet adoption on Hong Kong identity is moderated by cohorts.
Method • Source: HKIP data from 2000 to 2008 (except for 2007). • Survey: Annual telephone surveys • Respondents: HK regular residences between 18 to 77 years old who speak Chinese (including Mandarin, Cantonese, and other dialectics) • Analysis: Logistic Regression
Implications • Cohort differences in political attitude • Revival of limited effects: Internet adoption (!) Internet use (?) • Internet effects are cohort-dependent • Theorizing national identity
Appendix 1: Summary statistics for variables used in regression models
Thanks for your attention! • Questions, Suggestions and Comments are welcome! • Contact me (Heng Lu) at luheng9@gmail.com