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Le Chatelier’s Principle

Le Chatelier’s Principle. If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will change to relieve that stress. Factors that Affect Equilibrium. Concentration Temperature Pressure. Concentration Changes. Add more reactant  Shift to products Remove reactants 

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Le Chatelier’s Principle

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  1. Le Chatelier’s Principle If a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will change to relieve that stress. Factors that Affect Equilibrium • Concentration • Temperature • Pressure

  2. Concentration Changes • Add more reactant  • Shift to products • Remove reactants  • Shift to reactants • Add more product Shift to reactants • Remove products  Shift to products

  3. Temperature ChangesExothermic Reactions • Consider heat as a product in exothermic reactions. • Add heat Shift to reactants • Remove heat  Shift to products A + B = AB + Heat

  4. Temperature ChangesEndothermic Reactions • Consider heat as a reactant in endothermic reactions. • Add heat Shift to products • Remove heat  Shift to reactants A + B + heat = AB

  5. Pressure Changes • Only affects equilibrium systems with unequal moles of gaseous reactants and products.

  6. N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g) • Increase Pressure • Stress of pressure is reduced by reducing the number of gas molecules in the container . . . . . .

  7. N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g) • There are 4 molecules of reactants vs. 2 molecules of products. • Thus, the reaction shifts to the product ammonia.

  8. PCl5(g) = PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) • Decrease Pressure • Stress of decreased pressure is reduced by increasing the number of gas molecules in the container.

  9. PCl5(g) = PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) • There are two product gas molecules vs. one reactant gas molecule. • Thus, the reaction shifts to the products.

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