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Video Technology

Video Technology. The Camera – Your Visual Storytelling Tool. Some review of what we should know by now…. Video Scanning Process. Pixels Persistence of vision NTSC 525 scan lines (480 used) x 640 rows 4:3 aspect ratio 30 fps interlaced -- 60 fields. Video Scanning Process.

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Video Technology

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  1. Video Technology The Camera – Your Visual Storytelling Tool

  2. Some review of what we should know by now…

  3. Video Scanning Process • Pixels • Persistence of vision • NTSC • 525 scan lines (480 used) x 640 rows • 4:3 aspect ratio • 30 fps interlaced -- 60 fields

  4. Video Scanning Process • …..cont…. • HDTV / DTV • 480 720 1080 scan lines • Interlaced or progressive scan • 24, 30, or 60 frame rate • ‘4K’/ Ultra HD now available • Blu Ray move up to 4K • Encoding and decoding visual and aural information

  5. Film • The film itself is the imaging device • Fast vs. slow • Color vs. B&W • Negative vs. reversal • Tungsten or daylight • Video: it’s the chip that changes light information into electrical information • CCD or CMOS sensor

  6. Principles of video color • Light hits chip (1 or 3 chips) • Beam splitter splits into the 3 primary colors (electrical signals) • Other end—LCD, Plasma, LED etc. • 3 attributes of color • Hue, saturation, luminance • Chrominance : hue & saturation

  7. Color (cont.) • HUE... • Primary colors: RGB • Complementary colors • Cyan, magenta, yellow • White: all colors; Black: absence

  8. Color continued... • Saturation • Intensity or vividness of color • Hue & Saturation=chrominance • Luminance = brightness • Vectorscope & waveform monitor

  9. Camera Lens • Focal length…how wide or narrow • Fixed focal length (prime) • Zoom Lens • Distance from front to back glass • Focus: soft, sharp • Depth of field / rack focus, selective focus

  10. Camera Lenses • Front focus to focus a zoom lens • Back focus : use macro flange at back of lens • F-stop aperture (iris opening) • F-22, 16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4 (double/half) • Don’t use to compensate for lighting

  11. CCU and Cameras • CCU for settings • Tally lights • Lighting & filters (next week) • White balance • Critical focus • AGC / gain / decibels

  12. Reminder – Shot composition • WS/MS/CU • Magic of Movie Editing • Shot, Master Scene, Invisible Editing • Language of visual storytelling • Cut Off Lines • Point of View / Angles • Eye Line, Rule of Thirds, ‘painting’

  13. Camera Mounts & movements • Look back at field of view • LS/WS, est. shot, MS, CU, 2-shot, ots or o/s, head room, look space, cut-off lines, lead room, etc. • Depth composition –lighting, plus • Z-axis, foreground image, vanishing point, selective focus, depth of field • Angle : eye level/high/low/canted • Symmetrical shots

  14. Camera Mounts & movements • Pedestal or tripod • Jib, crane, dolly, track, • Mounting head (friction or fluid) • Camera movements • Pan, tilt, truck, dolly, arc, zoom, boom, crane, steady-cam, tracking, DVE, robotic control

  15. Cinematography • Framing the shot, PLUS • Good lighting and camera setting • ‘Beautiful image’ • Visualize it • Implement It • ‘Artist’

  16. Pull this together • Develop a great idea • Communicate to an audience • Script development • Understand and use the technical issues of the equipment • ‘Visual Storytelling’ – content to the Target Audience • appeals

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