Level 3 Printmaking 2012

1. Level 3 Printmaking 2012 ‘Identity ’ 3.1 Analyse methods and ideas from established printmaking practice Credits: 4

2. Andy Warhol • Andy Warhol was born August 6, 1928 and died February 22, 1987. He was a leading figure of Pop Art. His works explored the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement. He worked in a range of medium s, including painting, sculpture, film, and music. He also was the author of a few books like the Philosophy of Andy Warhol and Popism andthe Warhol sixties . • Andy Warhol was a gay man who lived openly before the Gay Liberation Movement. His studio was a famous gathering place that brought together intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, street people, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy people. He must have been a very entertaining man.

3. Jiri Koura • JiříKolář was born 24 September 1914, and died 11 August 2002, Jiri was a poet, writer, painter and translator. His work was divided between literary and visual art. • He is best known for his collages of different photos and layering techniques in which he uses to create a 3d effect to his works. Also he loves to feel the texture and see the texture in his works. • His quality of the work varies widely, from unique items not to be found elsewhere. One reason for their different qualities in his works is because of Kolar’s upbringing in life and the different stages and periods he went through.

4. Lenore Tawney • May 10, 1907 and died September 24, 2007. She was an American artist who became an influential figure in the development of Fibre Art. • She was Born in Lorain, Ohio. After High School she she studied weaving at the university in Chicago. • In 1957, she moved to New York city and lived there until her death at aged 100. • Her works are all based on the same subject matter with similar pictorial devices. She made collages and assemblagesfrom found objects. Also different types of paper and layering /weaving techniques used. Cutting and pasting and gluing back together. In 1989 she had a book published on her and all her works.

5. Andy Warhol • “Seeing triple” 2007 Source: found on Google images Subject Matter: • Portrait of a famous celebrities of well known figures such as Marilyn Monroe and Elvis Presley. Influences: • His biggest influences was Popular Culture He admired the famous people in life and how we viewed them so highly which started him on his role of screen printing portraits of women. • Pictorial devices used: Colour: the different layers of bright colours working together is very effective. The strong boldness of his images , The detail in the many faces you can see through the layers created. Movement is created which gives the images different effects from different angles. Media Techniques: Silk Screen Screen Printing photographs Slide projections are also used in is other of his works but no as common. Different effects are created from different angles these images are viewed from.

6. Andy Warhol • Name: “Shot Blue” • Size : 650 mm x 710mm • Source: found on google images Pictorial Devices : Colour: the strong bright colours are used in this portrait of Marilyn Munroe.These volours are used to create the stardom of Monroe, her bright glamourous status. Contrast: In colours provides the image with more detail Layering : is used with the different colours layered on top of each other to create the photographic Silk-Screen Subject matter: The subject he used is Marilyn Munroe and famous celebrities. He also has works on other famous celebrities like Elvis Presley Influences : Andy Warhol was very interested by Marilyn Munroe a famous singer who died a long time ago. Influenced by the media and the rich and famous.Techniques: Warhol frequently used Silk-Screening ,His later drawings were traced from slide projections . At the height of his fame as a painter Andy have several assistance who produced his Silk-Screen multiples, following his directions to make different versions and variations of his works. Ideas: By reproducing the famous person again and again Warhol made them more and less special at the same time. More special in that they become more recognised but less special in that they become more common and available. This relates to the contradiction of how famous people are treated by the media and their public.

7. Lenore Tawney • Name : ‘The Other Sea’ 1967 Size: 9x8x3 from the book “Lenore Tawny ,American Craft Museum” Book Published 1989 Influences behind work: This image is influenced by old books. Lenore wanted to explore the idea of a flat book and make it 3 dimensional. By doing this she used different book text and created this image Pictorial devices: • Colour: colour is used on the paper to make it look old. Lenore used tea bags to stain the text and give it contrast with the white paper. • Layering: lots of the different txt looks very effective as colour is used to brake the image up and show of the layering more. Also the different shapes of the circle all adds to the layering effect. Which suggest pages used. • Collage: this is used extensively throughout this image. Collage is the main technique behind her work. Much of an influence to her by using different medias and collaging them to create her works. I really did find this idea effective and unique. • Composition: the layering effect of all of them put together give a very unique composition. Images are small in scale • Materials: Different types of novel books, Printed text and papers and fibres • Ideas: there are many contradictions which make us think about what books are supposed to be. First the flat book becomes 3D. Then second how the mass produced book becomes a one-of-a-kind

8. Lenore Tawney Media and Materials: Faces, skeletons, Text used also in other languages like Chinese, houses, churches and music paper Photo paper, Tracing paper, news paper, music sheets Techniques: Grid effect, collage of different layered colours and materials .Composition: Images are put together in a collage style and they effects that suggest Fragmentations. The longer you stare at them the more you can pick out information on them. Procedures used: Sticking and cutting, pasting images all together to create one body of work. Influences Behind work: She is very much influenced by weaving and sculpture. She likes to use different medias of materials together, Meditating on her work she is trying to achieve helps he re gain focus and help her keep going on the piece of work she is creating. Also postcards was a big influence behind this work. She likes how uninspiring they look so she created a new look for a postcard out of recycled materials. Pictorial Devices: Layering, Pattern, Detail,collage, Shapes – different types of shapes are used, Shadows are created around the edge of the image, The subject in the picture varies from which angle and which part of the picture you look at. Meaning: She wants people to grow a greater meaning for postcards and see that they can be “a work of art” and they contain so much more that when first glanced at.Her works become a synthesis of already exisiting documents. Tawney creates her own postcards and books. Schwitters smile 1985 Size: 7x9 From the book: “Lenore Tawney “

9. Lenore Tawney • Name: ‘Distilla’ 1967 Size: 10x8 Sourced from “Lenore Tawney ” American Craft Museum Pictorial Devices Composition: the way the work is positioned and the layering and colours all work together which add to the overall composition. • Colour: dull lighting water washed colours are used in this image to give effect of water or fluid. He uses browns and dark browns throughout the weave to give the picture contrast. • Layering: the layering 3d effect is used throughout her images to create a more textured and 3 dimensional feel to them. Collage: the weaving technique is used in her work I realy like the 3d effect it gives to this image Influences behind work: Lenore was influenced by her own personal experiences in her life . Neat are the sides of the image , they appear more flat and distilled hence the name of the image ‘ Distilla’ came from. Subject Matter: Text writing from a novel, shellac is a media used , normal A4 paper is used as the base of her image. Ideas: The work is about what we value and remember. The cut away parts could relate to censorship as with soldiers during the Vietnam war who would the revealing parts of their letters home cut out or blacked over by censors.

10. Jiri Koura • Media techniques and Processes used: Jiri works with collage and layering of different materials to create one body of work. He uses 2 pictures a lot of the time and submerges them together by finely cutting them in tiny individual strips then gluing them all together. He also uses repition . As in this picture the over the top layer of the lady is a repeated image over and over again. These techniques all work together to create his images that he does. Subject matter: widowed looking woman, The sea, Old wooden log, 2 more lady's and some green scenery Influences behind work : What ideas he really looked at in this work are the olden day heritage of lady’s and how they were not to go out of the house and do all the chores and then in the picture behind this black and white lady is two women leaning on some old rotten wood at the sea dipping there feet in it with not a care in the world. The collage effect is not only a pictorial device it is very influencial to jiri. He loves to give prints a unique like and his angle on this is collage . He exspreeses his images through collage. Courtship / Brautfahrt62 × 44 cm

11. Jiri Koura • This picture was sorced from “The making of Modern Art book” Written by Brandon Taylor . This book was pulished in 2004 Image size: 15cm x 8cm 1979: year the image was created • Techniques and Pictorial devices used: Jiri has combined different types of media together to prodeuce this image. He has taken pictures of other people heads and other objects within the picture to create his images . Layering and collage are the techniques used for this image . Other devices used are colour. Jiri uses bright colours to bring more effect and boldness to his images but he also uses a more washed out effect in his images. In this image you can see the bright colours but the washed effect of them. Jiri does this to make his bold colours not overwrite the idea of the image. Black and white is also used in this picture as the old gentlemen’s head is black and white. Jiri mixes black and white with colour to which helps show the overall idea of his artworks. His work is screen-printed and pieced together with magazine cut outs which he overlays them onto his works then scans these images back onto the computer to edit these works on photo shop. Subject matter: Women, Man, Little child, curtains, dinning table, couches and many other things that make up the room of the living room. Influences behind work : This work is about Domestic violence in the western world. Jiri adapted his style just for this artwork to help show the ‘social collapse’ , ‘and western world’ interwoven to show violence.

12. Jiri Koura • Image name: ‘ The Hidden man’ Size: 15x10 m He states about this image “ Nothing is born without inner and external contradiction” hence the image being the image seen through the slits of the work From the book Collage “Making of Modern art” by Brandon Taylor 2004 • Media and techniques used: • Collage: he uses collage to create a new angle to screen printing. This looks very effective • Black and white: • Layering: Subject Matter: A man is used as the subject matter in this image Influences and ideas behind artwork: When first looking at this picture I found it very diifficult to work out what it was about . But after researching into it I found out this picture was about hidden identity and not fully being able to tell what this mans history in life is. That’s where the name “ The Hidden Man” came in. I like how this image is distorted almost Pictorial Devices: Layering is used in the image Contrast in colours is used by using black and white. Pattern is created when the joining technique is used view point is very straight on and direct. Scale: This image is very large and would take up a 10m long wall. Positive and negative space is created.

13. Jiri Koura Lenore Tawney Colour: colour is used to show boldness and on the paper to make it look old. Lenore used tea bags to stain the text and give it contrast with the white paper. Layering: lots of the different txt looks very effective as colour is used to brake the image up and show of the layering more. Also the different shapes of the circle all adds to the layering effect. Collage: The layering over block colours on top of block colours looks very effective Grid effect Composition: the layering effect of all of them put together give a very unique composition Pattern and repetition Detail Small scale is used Repetition Different types of novel book texts used to create imageof media together to produce this image. • Layering • Collage: Jiri uses collage to give a new angle to screen printing . He wants his images to look unique from every angle not just from 1 view point • Contrast in colours is used by using black and white. • Pattern is created when the joining technique is used • view point is very straight on and direct. • Positive and negative space is created. • Combined different types things standout and show moods and give boldness • Black and white is also used • Screen printed and pieced together with magazine cut outs which he overlays them onto his works then scans these images back onto the computer to edit these works on photo shop. Ideas behind work: Extensive global travel. Her works have a spiritual content. These messages about the frailty and transiency of life, and the need to find inner peace

14. The similarities between Koura and Tawney is the use of the collage techniques and process. Koura works have a surrealist aesthetic, while Tawney was influenced by Abstract Expressionism. She was engaged in fibre art and weaving, while Jiri Koura works digitally to compose his works and manipulations. Jiri gives a more aesthetic manipulated feel which gives a more technically manipulated approach. They have more of a time approach too. The colours created by Lenore are more surreal and ‘fantasy/dream like’ the colours have little vibrancy unlike Jiri’s works • Both artists deal with issues of recycling and concealment • Recycling old images to make new work is about how we value things and possibly the wasteful nature of contemporary western lifestyles. • Concealment is shown in how the images are fragmented. This could relate to modern life and how things move so fast that we never have time to think. Ironically these artists are from very different cultures but both seem to share similar concerns. This is because in the 20th century art has become very international rather than culturally specific. • (Ironically some post-modern art goes the exact opposite at the same time – for example Michael Parekowhai talks about very specific contemporary Maori political issues while using a very international stylistic language)

15. Jiri Koura Andy Warhol Subject Matter: Portraits of famous celebrities of well known powerful people such as Elvis Presley and Marilyn Munroe He also screen prints fruit and containers as well as figures Colour – bright and bold colours are used to capture the attention of peoples eye and to create a bold “ wow” type reaction The detail in the many faces you can see through layers . Media Techniques: Silk Screen Printing Slide projections Photographs Layering : is used with the different colours layered on top of each other. Contrast: His colours provides the image with more detail. The layering effect of the block colours layered on top of other block colours • Layering • Collage: Jiri uses collage to give a new angle to screen printing . He loves hisimages to look unique from every angle not just from 1 view point • Contrast in colours is used by using black and white. • Pattern is created when the joining technique is used • view point is very straight on and direct. • Scale: Some of Jiris works spam up to 10 meters in length • Positive and negative space is created. • Use of colour to make things standout and show moods and give boldness • Screen printed and pieced together with magazine cut outs which he overlays them onto his works then scans these images back onto the computer to edit these works on photo shop.

16. Lenore Tawney Andy Warhol Subject Matter: Portraits of famous celebrities of well known powerful people such as Elvis Presley and Marilyn Munroe The concept of death and disaster Colour – bright and bold The detail in the many faces you can see through layers . Media Techniques: Silk Screen Printing Painting on canvas Film making scale is varied depending on works. The range from A5 to a decent 1 metres squared. Scale is used to create a impact as the bold colours capture your attention more when scale is applied Repetition is used, many prints of the same photograph are used but each photo is slightly manipulated with silk screen print block colours but slightly manipulated to show mass production Viewpoint is very direct and straight forward • Colour: colour is used to show boldness and on the paper to make it look old. Lenore used tea bags to stain the text and give it contrast with the white paper. • Layering: lots of the different text looks very effective as colour is used to brake the image up and show off the layering more. Also the different shapes of the circle all adds to the layering effect. • Collage: The layering over block colours on top of block colours looks very effective • Grid effect • Composition: the layering effect of all of them put together gives a very unique composition • Pattern • Detail • Small scale is used • View point is very straight on and direct • Repetition • Different types of novel book texts used to create imageof media together to produce this image. Subject Matter Includes: Faces, skeletons, Text used also in other languages like Chinese, houses, churches and music paper Ideas behind work: Extensive global travel. Her works have a spiritual content. These messages about the frailty and transiency of life, and the need to find inner peace

17. Lenore Tawney and Andy Warhol • Many similarities and differences exists within my selected artists, however most commonly shared are pictorial devices. Lenore Tawney and Andy Warhol use repetition; one does with materials and Warhol with image. It is repetition that provides different effects silk screen printing is a process that allows for mass production. Warhol works with ready made/ sourced images while Tawney works with ready made materials .The act of ‘collecting’ is a process that both artists use, however representation is very different. • Warhol can (in a way) make the special very mundane by reproducing famous people again and again and adding random bits of collage so the identify becomes just a decorative element. • Tawney does the opposite by taking very mundane rubbish and turning it into one-off special art works. • In the end they are both exploring the value of objects and images. What makes us prefer one thing to another? And why do we value some things over others? • Another key difference is the public versus private content of the artists. Warhol deals with very famous public images that put his art on a grand socially important status (He is a man that wants to be famous). Tawney uses very personal bits of leftover materials that are almost autobiographic at times or at least discarded as being unimportant. This is a very female approach based on nurture and protection and caring for stuff.

18. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol\ • http://livelearnloveleave.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/url-1.jpg • http://www.thecultureconcept.com/circle/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Andy_Warhol_coke.jpg • http://www.galeriekrause.ch/czech-and-slovak-artists/artworks-prints-artist-jiri-kolar-span-jizda.jpg • http://www.galleryjk.cz/j_kolar_sb/default_us.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenore_Tawney • http://craftcouncil.org/sites/default/files/styles/content-image-small/public/Displaymesecond.jpg • ‘Seeing Triple’ Picture sourced of Google • ‘Shot Blue’ –Andy Warhol picture sourced of Google • Lenore Tawney American Craft Musuem (book) • The Making Of Modern Art .Written by Brandon Taylor (book) • ‘’Mick Jagger” 1975 publisher Seabird Holding ltd book • ‘Judy Garland 1956’ seabird holding ltd book