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Stalinist Russia

Stalinist Russia. The History of Western Civilization since 1500 Prof. Dr. George S. Vascik . Outline. Leninist Russia The Succession Struggle Stalinist Russia. Leninist policies. Foreign policy Lenin was convinced that a Communist Russia could not survive in a capitalist world

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Stalinist Russia

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  1. Stalinist Russia The History of Western Civilization since 1500 Prof. Dr. George S. Vascik

  2. Outline • Leninist Russia • The Succession Struggle • Stalinist Russia

  3. Leninist policies • Foreign policy • Lenin was convinced that a Communist Russia could not survive in a capitalist world • Support for revolutionary movement abroad • The Communist International (Comintern) • This made the Soviet Union and international pariah state and severely limited foreign relations

  4. Leninist policies • Domestic policy • End to “war Communism” with requisition of goods • New Economic Policy • NEP • Limited return to free markets • Managers invited back • Peasants could sell surplus food on local markets • Unpopular within Communist party

  5. Leninist policies • Party dictatorship • Communist party only legal party • Party controlled press, all associations and avenues of advancement • Within the Party, disagreement and dissent was allowed • Democratic centralism

  6. Interregnum • In June 1923, Lenin suffered the first of a series of strokes • Doctors demanded total rest • Soviet Union and party run by a collective leadership of Lenin’s deputies • Stalin delegated to visit him a keep him informed • None of the other leaders saw Stalin as a threat

  7. Stages in Stalin’s Ascent Trotsky Kamenev Zinoviev Stalin Tomsky Rykov Bukharin Left Right 1. All Politburo members follow Stalin’s plan to expel Trotsky (1924). 2. Stalin leads the Right against a weakened Left (1926/27). 3. Stalin takes leadership of the decapitated Left to defeat unloved Right (1929). 4. Party agrees that “moderate” Stalin is genius (1932).

  8. Stalinist policies • 1928, Five Year Plan • Rapid industrialization • Focus on heavy industry rather then consumer goods • Massive shift of population to new industrial settlements • State control and direction of the economy • Gosplan • Fulfilling the Plan is everything

  9. Stalinist policies • 1929, forced collectivization of agriculture • Peasants must surrender private farms, animals • Massive opposition in some areas • Ukraine • Opponents styled kulaks, shot or imprisoned • Famine in Ukraine resulted in death of 10 million

  10. Stalinist policies • Terror • Penal system - Gulag • Purges • 1932 non-party opposition • 1936 party opponents • 1938 - military • Death toll? • Ca. 24 million • Army figures • 3 of 5 marshals. • 13 of 15 army commanders. • 50 of 57 corps commanders. • 154 of 186 divisional commanders. • 98 of 108 members of the Supreme Military Soviet.

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