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Barriers to Learning. Systemic Societal Pedagogics Medical Disabilities. COMPILED BY: K KITSHOFF SCP: LSEN SCHOOLS. Systemic Barriers. Lack of basic and appropriate learning support materials Lack of assistive devices Inadequate facilities at schools Overcrowded classrooms
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Barriers to Learning • Systemic • Societal • Pedagogics • Medical Disabilities COMPILED BY: K KITSHOFF SCP: LSEN SCHOOLS
Systemic Barriers • Lack of basic and appropriate learning support materials • Lack of assistive devices • Inadequate facilities at schools • Overcrowded classrooms • Lack of mother tongue educators
Societal Barriers • Severe Poverty • Late enrolment • Gangs/Violence in neighbourhoods • Natural disasters and Epidemics • Crime, abuse, teenage pregnancy • Gender issues • Attitudes
NUTRITION SHELTER CLINICS EMOTIONAL STRESS POVERTY TRANSPORT WATER TOILETS ELECTRICITY
Inappropriate Pedagogy • Insufficient support of educators • Inflexible Curriculum • Inappropriate and unfair assessment procedures
CURRICULUM • Policy Implementation • Content of LP • Subject Choices • Class management and organisation
Deaf - loss greater than 65 db Hard of Hearing - hearing loss between 35 and 65 db Prelingually deaf Postlingually deaf Unilateral/Bilateral Sensory Disabled - Hearing
Blind - no vision, light perception, shape Low Vision - few centimeters away Visually Limited 20/70 to 20/200 Visual Acuity Visual Field Poor eye movements Colour perception Sensory Disabled - Vision
DEAF-BLIND LEARNER Alternative Communication
Cerebral Palsied (CP) • Damage to the brain - before, during or shortly after birth. (Central Nervous System) • Muscular system and co-ordination of limbs affected • Intellectual potential • Speech impediments
Monoplegic - 1 limb Hemiplegic - same side of body - arm, leg and face. Arm more than the leg. Triplegic - 3 limbs. Mostly both legs and 1 arm. Quadruplegic - both arms and legs. Diplegic - both arms and legs, but legs much worse. Paraplegic - only legs, no harm to arms. Cerebral Palsied
Cerebral Palsied • Spasticity: increased muscle tone - tight and overactive - jerky/slow • Athetosis: muscle tone fluctuates - limbs flailing/difficult to control • Ataxia: lack of coordination - poor control of balance and movement - poor depth perception/ position in space
MEMORY STRATEGIES FOR LEARNING MOTOR ABILITY ATTENTION SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR PERCEPTION LEARNING DISABILITIES MATHS ORAL LANGUAGE READING WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Vitality Mobility Varying Loss/Lack Syndrome Birth Medical diagnosis Medication Physically Disabled
Skeletal Disorders • Dwarfism • Marfin Syndrome • Brittle Bone • Diseases: Poliomyelitis & Tuberculosis of the Bone Structure • Clubfoot • Absence of Limbs • Amputations • Contractions
Muscular Weakness • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Spinal Muscular Atrophy • Spina Bifida • Spinal Cord Injuries
Chronically Sick Constant change in condition Pain discomfort medication Uncertainty about Outcome
Chronic & Acute Health Problems HEART CONDITIONS TB RHEUMATIC FEVER ASTHMA HEMOPHILIA LEAD POISONING LEUKEMIA KIDNEY FAILURE DIABETES
BURSTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGERGY ALTERED ELECTRICAL STATE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ELECTRICAL IMPULSE NORMAL SIGNS & SYMPTYMS GONE ALL FUNCTIONS NORMAL ANY AGE EPILEPSY NO APPARENT CAUSE SYMPTOM OF UNDERLYING PROBLEMS OUTGROW
Terminally Ill • Cancer • HIV-Aids • Cystic Fibrosis • Central Nervous System • TB • Hepatitis B • Protein Energy Malnutrition
COGNITIVE DIVERSITIES Intellectually Severely Disabled Mild Moderate Profound Severe
Characteristics & accompanyingbehaviour of gifted learners • Theoretical and abstract - ignores stressed data in assignments - works unneat • Independent, inventive - resists chosen assignments • Sensitive - withdraws, strong goal orientated and rejected by others • Alert and Eager - resents periods of classroom inactivity
Gifted - Continued • Intuitive - Easily sees conclusions without displaying knowledge of sequential concepts • Daydreaming - concentrated periods of thinking - inattentive to teacher ‘s and other students’ comments and class discussions. • Aesthetically oriented - resists participation of active team sports
Learner with BarriersBiggest problems: • Poor self concept • Negative attitude • Poor motivation
BARRIERS TO LEARNING • For more Information: • Kobie Kitshoff • WCED: SCP LSEN Schools • kkitshof@pawc.wcape.gov.za • http://curriculum.wcape.school.za/barriers