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8.2 Plants Without Seeds. Nonvascular Plants. Do not grow tall Do not have roots, stems or leaves Live in moist areas Absorb water directly from environment Sperm cells swim to egg cells Only 3 major groups Mosses Liverworts Hornworts. Mosses. Grow in damp, shady spots
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Nonvascular Plants • Do not grow tall • Do not have roots, stems or leaves • Live in moist areas • Absorb water directly from environment • Sperm cells swim to egg cells • Only 3 major groups • Mosses • Liverworts • Hornworts
Mosses • Grow in damp, shady spots • Rhizoids – thin, rootlike structures that anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
Liverworts • Often grow on rocks by a stream • Leaf-like structures resemble a human liver
Hornworts • Usually live in moist soil, mixed in with grass • Sporophytes look like horns
Seedless Vascular Plants • First types of vascular plants • Do not have seeds • Reproduce with spores • Can grow tall • Must grow in moist surroundings • Must be enough water for fertilization to occur • 3 Main types • Ferns • Horsetails • Club Mosses
Ferns • Fronds – fern leaves • Spores are spread by wind and water • Will grow into plant if it lands in moist, shaded soil
Horsetails • Jointed stems • Stems contain silica, a gritty substance also in sand • Prefer to grow in sandy soil • Considered a nuisance weed, because it easily regrows after being pulled out
Club Mosses • NOT mosses • Looks like a small pine tree • Ground pine • Typically grow near streams