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Sponsor Problem

Prepare for Success. NATO Code of Best Practice (COBP) for C2 Assessment. 3. Problem Formulation. Sponsor Problem. 4. Solution Strategy. 6. Human & Organisational Issues. 5. Measures of Merit (MoM). 7. Problem Formulation Chapter 3 David S. Alberts

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Sponsor Problem

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  1. Prepare for Success NATO Code of Best Practice (COBP) for C2 Assessment 3 Problem Formulation Sponsor Problem 4 Solution Strategy 6 Human & Organisational Issues 5 Measures of Merit (MoM) 7 Problem Formulation Chapter 3 David S. Alberts Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration (OASD/NI2) Scenarios 8 Methods & Tools Products 11 9 Data 10 Assess Risk

  2. Problem Formulation Prepare for Success 3 Problem Problem Formulation Formulation Sponsor Sponsor Problem Problem 4 Solution Solution Strategy Strategy 6 Human & Human & Organizational Organizational Issues Issues 5 Measures of Measures of 7 Scenarios Scenarios Merit ( MoM ) Merit ( MoM ) 8 Methods Models & Tools & Tools 11 9 Products Products Data Data 10 Assess Assess Risk Risk

  3. Agenda • Role and importance of Problem Formulation • Essential elements • Products of Problem Formulation • Example

  4. Role of Problem Formulation Prepare for Success 3 Problem Problem Part of iterative process that balances what we would like to do with what we can do • Problem Formulation is the advocate for focusing on the “right” issue or problem • Solution Strategy is the advocate for practicality • Prepare for Success ensures shared goals, objectives, and perceptions Formulation Formulation 4 Solution Solution Strategy Strategy

  5. Role and Importance • Problem Formulation is fundamental to the success of all analysis • Solving the wrong problem is not helpful • Problem Formulation focuses all of the efforts to follow • Frames the question • Determines the variables of interest • Articulates the assumptions • C2 assessment problems are complex, often ill-defined, and central to the success of military operations • Problem Formulation is particularly critical in C2 assessments • Since “traditional” formulations ignore many key C2-related issues and characteristics • Frame the question in a common language that all can understand Beware: The problem expressed may not be the real problem

  6. Elements of Problem Formulation • Context of the Assessment • Assumptions • The Variables • Dependent (High Level Measures of Merit) • Independent • Controllable • Uncontrollable • Constraints • Domain • Range • The Objective Function • A value function of the measures of merit The problem is not formulated until each aspect of the problem has been specified

  7. Context of the Assessment • Aim and objectives of the assessment • C2 issues • Decision(s) supported, knowledge sought • Stakeholders • Nature of the situation • Political, geographical, historical, economic, and technical factors and considerations • Actors (and their capabilities) • Threats (intentions) Continuous dialogue required with customers, stakeholders…

  8. Make Assumptions Explicit • Means to ends • Availability of assets • Adversary behavior and reactions • DOTMLPF (Red and Blue) • Human characteristics and performance • System characteristics and performance • What is controllable Inappropriate or invalid assumptions can doom an effort before it is even started

  9. Products of Problem Formulation • Precise statement of the question(s) • List of relevant variables • Identification of the controllable variables • Identification of the MoM or dependent variables (objective function) • Preliminary conceptual model (relationships among the variables) • Statement of assumptions • Statement of constraints • Preliminary Data Glossary

  10. Agenda • Role and importance of Problem Formulation • Essential elements • Products of Problem Formulation • Example

  11. Example • Problem: Getting the anticipated staffing for the Civil Military Coordination Center (CIMIC) is going to be difficult • Therefore, with the introduction of new technologies and/or new organizations/processes, can we achieve the desired level of effectiveness?

  12. Dependent Variables • What constitutes “effectiveness?” Effectiveness • Ability to Develop Plans That Achieve Assigned Missions • Adaptability • Speed Important But Not Sufficient Risk Efficiency Speed

  13. Controllable Variables • What can we control?” Function Structure • Relationship Among Elements • Connectivity • Authority • Information • Activities • Level of Detail

  14. Other Independent Variables • What other factors can affect the outcome? Chars. of C2 Center People Linkages Information Processing Procedures

  15. Conceptual Model C3I System Effectiveness Chars. of C2 Center • Ability to Develop Plans That Achieve Assigned Missions • Adaptability • Speed Important But Not Sufficient Function Structure People Linkages • Relationship Among Elements • Connectivity • Authority • Information • Activities • Level of Detail Information Processing Procedures Risk Efficiency Speed Operational Environment

  16. Other Variables and Considerations • Information sharing • Dealing with distrust (mutual) • What can military share (e.g., HUMINT, sensitive information) • Cultural differences • NGOs- consensus, ambiguity • Military- clear planning, orders • Parochial issues • NGOs/IOs/IHOs • Military • CIMIC location • NGOs- fear of being too closely associated with military • Military- force protection issues

  17. Summary Study Sponsors and Stakeholders Independent Variables “Question” controlled • uncontrolled • High Level Assumptions and MoMs Constraints Problem Formulation

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