Properties of Matter

1. Properties of Matter

2. General Properties of Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and volume • Everything is made of matter

3. What are properties? • Characteristics used to describe an object • Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture,hardness

4. I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter • A. Physical Properties(there’s no change in the composition) Ex: color, odor, shape, size, texture, hardness, sonorosity (sound), luster (shiny), solubility, porosity(can absorb), BP,MP,FP, • Elasticity – ability of a material to be stretched.

5. Flexibility – ability of a material to be bent.

6. Malleability – ability of a material to be hammered into thin sheets

7. Ductility – ability of a material to be turned into a thin wire.

8. Hardness – ability of a material to be hardly broken.

9. Brittleness – ability of a matter to be easily broken.

10. Viscosity • The resistance of a liquid to flow • The difficulty of a liquid to flow easily • the greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves

11. Conductivity - materials ability to allow heat to flow. Ex. metal vs. wood

12. I. SPECIFIC PROPERTIES – possessed only by a few types of matter • B. Chemical Properties (there’s a change in the composition) Ex: combustibility (combustion/burning) oxidation decomposition

13. II. General Properties of matter • Possessed by all types of matter. • Mass, weight, volume, density and Impenetrability

14. What is impenetrability? • No two objects can occupy the same space at the same time.

15. What is mass? • Mass is the amount of matter in an object • Mass is constant. • The metric unit for mass is grams (g) • Kg, g, lbs • Platform balance, weighing scale

16. Weight • The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object • Weight changes with gravity • The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

17. Weight formula • 1 kg = 2.2 pounds • Weight is mass times acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2) • W= m x a • What is your mass? • What is your weight in Newtons?

18. What is gravity? • The force of attraction between objects is gravity • All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

19. Question • Why can’t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

20. Gravitational pull • The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

21. What affects gravity? • The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases • gravity depends on mass and distance

22. Gravity • The farther an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

23. Question • Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

24. Volume • The amount of space taken up by an object. • Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h • Irregularly shaped solid – using displacement method • Liquid – using a graduated cylinder/beaker

25. Density • It is a measure of compactness of how much mass is tightly squeezed into a given volume. • Is the ratio of mass and volume in an object. • D= M/V • g/ml or g/cm3

26. Density • The density of water is 1.0 g/ml • Objects with densities greater than 1.0 g/ml will sink in water

27. Density • Objects with densities less than 1.0 g/ml will float on water

28. Ice • Ice floats therefore it is less dense than water • Ice mostly remains underwater with only a portion of it being exposed

29. Astronomy fact! • The planet Saturn has a density of less than 1.0 g/ml. If there was an ocean big enough to hold it, it would float!

30. Calculations • If 96.5 grams of gold has a volume of 5 cubic centimeters, what is the density of gold?

31. Calculation • If 96.5 g of aluminum has a volume of 35 cm3, what is the density of aluminum?

32. Calculation • If the density of a diamond is 3.5 g/cm3, what would be the mass of a diamond whose volume is 0.5 cm3?

33. What is specific gravity? • A comparison of the density of a substance and the density of water is specific gravity

34. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter • Matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion

35. Question • How are solids, liquids, and gases different from one another?

36. GAS LAWS

37. Gas laws • Boyle’s and Charles’ law describe the behavior of gases with changes in temperature, pressure, and volume

38. Charles Law • Charles’ law describes a relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas (constant pressure)

39. Charles’ Law • As the temperature of a gas increases, the volume of a gas increases • Heating air causes it to expand

40. Question • How can you explain the fact that gas particles expand to fill space?

41. Pressure • The force that particles of a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a certain area

42. Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases (constant temperature)

43. Boyle’s law • If the volume of a gas decreases, then the pressure of a gas increases (Boyle’s law) • The smaller the space a gas occupies, the more pressure

44. Plasma • Plasma (phase) • most common phase in the universe, dangerous, very high energy (found in stars)

45. Question • What are the four phases of matter? • Describe the plasma phase of matter.

46. Phase changes (video) • Phase changes in matter are melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation

47. What is a physical change? • Physical changes involve the changing of physical properties • Type of matter remains the same

48. Questions • Describe each of the five phase changes (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation).

49. Physical changes • Changing color, shape, phase, texture, hardness, odor would be a physical change

50. Melting video • Phase change from a solid to a liquid