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Chapter 18, part A

Chapter 18, part A. Gas Exchange and Transport. About this Chapter. Getting CO 2 & O 2 dissolved for transport How oxygen is transported, role of hemoglobin How carbon dioxide is transported Regulators that sense and coordinate respiration with circulation for gas transport.

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Chapter 18, part A

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  1. Chapter 18, part A Gas Exchange and Transport

  2. About this Chapter • Getting CO2 & O2 dissolved for transport • How oxygen is transported, role of hemoglobin • How carbon dioxide is transported • Regulators that sense and coordinate respiration with circulation for gas transport

  3. Overview of Respiratory Exchange Figure 18-1: Overview of oxygen and exchange and Transport CO2

  4. Solubility of Gasses • Pressure gradient: lower at high altitudes • Temperature: constant in warm blooded humans • Solubility (solute & solvent): O2 or CO2 in water Figure 18-2: Gases in solution

  5. Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen • Diffusion through alveolar thin cells • Down diffusion gradient • Higher in alveoli • Lower in blood • Diffusion from blood • Also down gradient • To ECF • To tissue cells (convert O2 to CO2) PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Exchange

  6. Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Oxygen Figure 18-3a: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells

  7. Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide • Diffusion out of cells (down diffusion gradient) • Into blood • Buffer role • Conversions: • Plasma • Bicarbonate • On Hb • Into alveolus & expiration

  8. Gas Exchange in the Lungs and Tissues: Carbon Dioxide Figure 18-3b: Gas exchange at the alveoli and cells

  9. Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange • Wet surface • Thin epithelia • Little ECF • Diseases: • Emphysema • Fibrotic Lung • Pulmonary edema • Asthma

  10. Alveolar Exchange and Diseases Related to Exchange Figure 18-5: Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and endothelial cells to enter the plasma

  11. Overview of Hemostasis: Clot Formation & Vessel Repair Figure 18-4: Pulmonary pathologies that affect alveolarventilation and gas exchange

  12. Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen • 2% in plasma • 98% in hemoglobin (Hb) • Blood holds O2 reserve Figure 18-6: Summary of oxygen transport in the blood

  13. Gas Transport in the Blood: Oxygen Figure 18-7 : The role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport PLAY Animation: Respiratory System: Gas Transport

  14. Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve • 4 binding sites per Hb molecule • 98% saturated in alveolar arteries • Resting cell PO2 = 40 mmHg • Working cell PO2 = 20 mmHg • More unloaded with more need • 75% in reserve at normal activity

  15. Hemoglobin Transport of Oxygen: Disassociation Curve Figure 18-8: Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

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