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Definition and Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings

Definition and Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings. Da Yan Tsinghua University, China. Tianzhen Hong Lawrence Berkeley Lab, USA. Nov 14, 2013 Dublin, Ireland. Background. Large gaps between field data and simulation result. Source: NBI report 2008 Energy Performance of LEED

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Definition and Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings

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  1. Definition and Simulation of Occupant Behavior in Buildings Da Yan Tsinghua University, China Tianzhen Hong Lawrence Berkeley Lab, USA Nov 14, 2013 Dublin, Ireland

  2. Background • Large gaps between field data and simulation result Source: NBI report 2008 Energy Performance of LEED For New Construction Buildings

  3. Background • building energy is not only affected by climate and system Energy Use in Danish Single Family Houses – By year of construction Ref.: SBI/Aalborg University

  4. Background Courtesy: Danny Parker, FSEC

  5. Background • OB has significant influence on building energy use Significant discrepancy between each apartment The statistics energy consumption of cooling system in different apartments of one residential building in Beijing,2006

  6. Occupant behavior is a key factor

  7. Importance and Urgency • OB is a Key factor for design optimization, energy diagnosis and performance evaluation, and also building energy simulation • Limited understanding or inadequate over-simplification on OB; • In-depth quantitative analysis urgently needed; • Over 20 groups all over the world studying OB individually • Lack of consensus in common language, in good experimental design, and in modeling methodologies. • An international cooperation is extremely important for both knowledge gaining and data sharing

  8. Importance and Urgency Simulated Result Measured Data ? OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR Building Energy Use estimation Building Technology evaluation

  9. Challenges • Focus on how OB physically and quantitatively affect on building performance

  10. Challenges • Stochastic and uncertainty Family A Family B Turn off Turn on Turn off Turn on ON OFF 8：00 0：00

  11. Challenges • Diversity of OB Other responses include: complain, contact facilities department, keep blankets and sweaters within reach, and open windows. IFMA 2009 HVAC Survey of IFMA members in US and Canada with 452 responses from 3357 samples

  12. Challenges • Complexity of OB

  13. Challenges • Typical OB Category and Distribution X 10 X 7 X 9 X 12 X 6

  14. Research Target • Identify quantitative definition, description and classification of OB • Develop effective simulation methodologies of OB • Integrated OB models with building energy simulation tools • Demonstrate the OB models in design, evaluation, operation management and policy making by case studies

  15. Research Target Develop a scientific framework for OB quantitative definition and simulation methodologies

  16. Research Target Description Measurement Model Validation Questionnaire Interview Simulate action data Statistical comparison, frequency, times, mean value Measured action data & environmental parameters Real Actions

  17. Research Target Policy Research Labelling Design Common Description & Definition Data Collection Modelling Representation Set up Common Description and Definition for OB

  18. Targeting Building types: Residential buildings & Office buildings Technical Approach Sub-Task A Sub-Task B Sub-Task C Occupant movement and presence Action Model in residential buildings Action Model in commercial buildings Fundamental Research Integration of OB model with simulation tools Sub-Task D Practical Application Demonstration of the applications of OB models Sub-Task E

  19. ST-A Personnel presence and movement model Personal Presence & Movement Occupant’s presence and movement is strongly connected with Space, Time and Events

  20. ST-A Personnel presence and movement model A set of coherent personnel presence models are demanded for different application purposes

  21. ST-B Action model in residential buildings Occupant’s actions are influenced by environmental and physical parameters in a stochastic way

  22. ST-B Action model in residential buildings OB Characteristic Parameter Action Model Object State Change Object State Action based models has more advantage to exhibit the relationship between OB phenomenon and physical driven force State based  Action Based

  23. ST-C Action model in commercial buildings Higher possibility of interaction and negotiation among occupants in commercial buildings

  24. ST-C Action model in commercial buildings OperationManager Occupants Decentralized Control Centralized Control Assignment of the Control Authority between Occupants and Operation Managers affects performance significantly

  25. ST-D Integration with simulation software OB XML schema Integration BEM Porgrams Software module Tools to be developed EnergyPlus DeST Designbuilder ESP-r TRNSYS …… DOE-2 Essential to integrate the OB models with BEMs to exhibit the influence of OB on building energy and performance

  26. ST-D Integration with simulation software Develop flexible, sustainable, robust module for simulation

  27. ST-E Applications of OB models To exhibit OB’s influence on comfort, environment, energy usage and technology adaptability, improve applications by case studies & guidelines

  28. Outcomes & Audience

  29. International Workshop for New ANNEX • August 23rd, 2013 at IEA HQ in Paris • 24 participants from 13 countries • One day’s presentation and discussion about the scope of work, technical approach and next steps

  30. Forum in ISHVAC 2013 • Oct 21st, 2013 • Xi’an, China • Half day with 10 presentations • 40 participants from 6 countries

  31. Participants 24 Countries and Regions

  32. Participants • 24 Nations or Regions, 57 institutions • 73 participants, plus 14 participants want to be kept informed • University, research institute, software company, design consultant company, operation manager, system control company • ASHRAE has confirmed to join this project, CIBSE is considering participation

  33. TRA (10 countries) • Technology 1: Methods to describe and model occupant behavior in buildings (TRL 3) • Technology 2: Integration of the definition and models of occupant behavior with current building energy modelling programs (TRL 2) • Technology 3: Application of the definition and models of occupant behavior in residential and commercial buildings to improve design, operation, and retrofit of buildings (TRL 3)

  34. WORK PLAN • Preparation phase • Half a year (2013.11 — 2014.6) • Working phase • Two and a half years (2014.7 — 2016.12) • Reporting phase • Half a year (2017.1 — 2017.6) 2013.11 2014.6 2016.12 2015.6 2017.6 Preparation phase Working phase Reporting phase

  35. Summary • OB has great influence on building energy usage and also technology evaluation • There are still lack of quantitative methods and common language for OB description and simulation • This proposal is focused on setting up a scientific framework for OB definition, description, simulation and applications

  36. Thank you for your attention!

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