A K-12 LEARNING PROGRESSION TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY

1. Environmental Literacy Research Group A K-12 LEARNING PROGRESSION TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

2. Environmental Literacy Research Group ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LITERACY RESEARCH GROUP • Michigan State University • Working Groups: Carbon, Water, Biodiversity • Partners • Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network • Alan Berkowitz, Baltimore Ecosystem Study • Ali Whitmer, Santa Barbara Coastal • John Moore, Shortgrass Steppe • University of California, Berkeley • University of Michigan • Northwestern University • AAAS Project 2061

3. Environmental Literacy Research Group PRESENTATION OVERVIEW • Environmental Science Literacy in K-12 Ed • What is and why is it important? • Learning Progressions • Upper Anchor Framework (scientific reasoning • Hypotheses about Lower Anchor (informal reasoning) • Lower Anchor and Transitions Research • What’s Next? • Comments & Questions

4. Environmental Literacy Research Group THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LITERACY • Humans are fundamentally altering natural systems that sustain life on Earth • Citizens need to understand science to make informed decisions that maintain Earth’s life supporting systems • Citizens act in multiple roles that affect environmental systems: as learners, consumers, voters, workers, volunteers, and advocates

5. Environmental Literacy Research Group BRINGING SCHOOL SCIENCE IN LINE WITH CURRENT SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES Study of natural sciences has undergone shifts… • From individual disciplines (e.g., geology) to interdisciplinary fields (e.g., earth systems science) • From focus on natural systems to coupled human and natural systems • From retrospective (reconstructing past) to prospective (projecting future)

6. Environmental Literacy Research Group RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LITERACY Environmental science literacy is the capacity to understand and participate in evidence-based decision-making about the effects of human actions in coupled human and natural environmental systems [LTER: socioecological systems]. (Anderson, et al., 2006)

7. Environmental Literacy Research Group PRACTICES OF ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE LITERACY • Engage in scientific inquiry to develop and evaluate scientific arguments from evidence • Use scientific accounts of the material world as tools to predict and explain • Use scientific reasoning in citizenship practices of environmental decision-making

8. Environmental Literacy Research Group LEARNING PROGRESSIONS Learning progressions describe knowledge and practices about topics that are responsive to children’s ways of reasoning, and reflect gradually more sophisticated ways of thinking. (Smith & Anderson, 2006)

9. Environmental Literacy Research Group LEARNING PROGRESSIONS Upper Anchor What high school students should know and be able to do Lower Anchor How children think and make sense of the world Transitions

10. Upper Anchor Inquiry: Finding and Explaining Patterns in Data

11. Environmental Literacy Research Group UPPER ANCHOR INQUIRYFINDING AND EXPLAINING PATTERNSIN DATA • Acquiring data • Standards: Accuracy and reproducibility rather than experientially real (“seeing is believing”) • Methods for acquiring accurate and reproducible data • Finding patterns in data • Experimental design • Uses of representations: tables, graphs, etc. • Explaining patterns in data • Critiques of investigations conducted by others.

12. Environmental Literacy Research Group LOWER ANCHOR INQUIRYLEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE • Active engagement with the material world leading embodied experience: Tacit understanding of how the world works • Rolling balls • Towel drying • Growing up on a farm • Practical knowledge • Knowing how to rather than knowing how or why • Organized around practices rather than models

13. Upper Anchor: Producing and Using Accounts

14. Environmental Literacy Research Group UPPER ANCHOR ACCOUNTS FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES • Structure of Systems • Atomic/molecular scale • Macroscopic scale • Large scale • Constraints on Processes • Tracing matter • Tracing energy • Tracing information • Change over time • Multiple causes and feedback loops • Evolution by natural selection

15. Environmental Literacy Research Group UPPER ANCHOR ACCOUNTS STRANDS, SYSTEMS, AND PROCESSES • Carbon: Environmental systems create, transform, move, and destroy organic carbon • Living systems at multiple scales • Engineered systems at multiple scales • Water: Environmental systems create and move fresh water • Atmospheric water, surface water, ground water, water in living systems, engineered water systems • Biodiversity: Environmental systems maintain complex structure and function at multiple scales • Homeostasis: maintaining structure and function • Response to environment • Change through natural and human selection

16. Environmental Literacy Research Group LOWER ANCHOR ACCOUNTS INFORMAL REASONING • Stories connected by metaphors • What stories do people tell about environmental systems and how do they connect them? • Alike and different • How do people name or identify systems, processes, materials, forms of energy, etc. • Which ones do they see as alike and different? • Egocentrism • How important are human uses and relationships to humans in accounts and ways of describing systems, processes, etc.?

17. Environmental Literacy Research Group LOWER ANCHOR ACCOUNTS STORIES CONNECTED BY METAPHORS Process 1 Process 2 Process 3 Stories: Accounts that encompass many aspects of a social and material process Model-based connections: Narrow focus across many stories Metaphorical or analogical connections among stories

18. Environmental Literacy Research Group UPPER AND LOWER ANCHORSCITIZENSHIP PRACTICES • Understanding science (or socioecological systems): See Inquiry and Accounts • Who do you trust? Deciding which knowledge claims to believe. • Source credibility theory: Identity and group membership • Epistemological stances: Perry; Belenky et al. • Evaluating quality of arguments from evidence (upper) • What should I do? Deciding on positions or actions • Decision research (Slovic): Experiential (identify, affiliation, personal stories) and analytical (cost-benefit or risk-benefit analysis) systems • Sources and nature of agency with respect to environmental issues (including understanding of socioeconomic, cultural, and political systems and how they work?)

19. Environmental Literacy Research Group LOWER ANCHOR AND TRANSITIONSRESEARCH METHODS Data Sources • Paper and pencil assessments • Teaching experiments, mostly aimed at seeing and understanding student reasoning • Interviews Data Analysis • Developing progress variables that we can connect with both upper and lower anchors

20. General Trends from Elementary to High School • From stories to model-based accounts • Shift from why to how--purposes to mechanisms • BUT lack knowledge of critical parts of systems • From macroscopic to hierarchy of systems • Increased awareness of atomic-molecular and large-scale systems • BUT little success in connecting accounts at different levels • Increasing awareness of constraints on processes • Increasing awareness of conservation laws • BUT rarely successful in constraint-based reasoning • Increasing awareness of “invisible” parts of systems • Increasing detail and complexity • BUT gases, decomposers, connections between human and natural systems remain “invisible”

21. Environmental Literacy Research Group WHAT’S NEXT? • Increase emphasis on inquiry and citizenship in addition to accounts • Refine assessments • Conduct teaching experiments to refine understanding of how students engage with and learn about environmental science • Use research to… • Inform development of curriculum materials • Inform development of new standards for formal K-12 science education

22. Environmental Literacy Research Group QUESTIONS & COMMENTSMORE INFORMATION QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? QUERIES? MORE INFORMATION Paper, tests and other materials are available on our website at… http://edr1.educ.msu.edu/EnvironmentalLit/index.htm