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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE & CANCER

10. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE & CANCER. 10. “You only live once… but if you work it right, once is enough.” - Joe E. Lewis -. 10. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. DEATH RATES FOR HEART DISEASE OF WOMEN, AGES 45+. 10. THE HEART CROSS-SECTION. 10.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE & CANCER

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  1. 10 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE & CANCER

  2. 10 “You only live once… but if you work it right, once is enough.” - Joe E. Lewis -

  3. 10 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DEATH RATES FOR HEART DISEASE OF WOMEN, AGES 45+

  4. 10 THE HEART CROSS-SECTION

  5. 10 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART • Categories of Cardiovascular Diseases: • Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) • Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke) • Hypertension • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) • Congenital Heart Disease • Rheumatic Heart Disease • Angina Pectoris • Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

  6. 10 Coronary Heart Disease: • Arteriosclerosis -generic term describing any disease of the arteries that leads to thickening and hardening of artery walls • Atherosclerosis • Myocardial Infarction • Thrombus Congestive Heart Failure: • weak heart muscles that cannot perform the pump function with proper vigor

  7. 10 • Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke): • 3 Types of Stroke • Thrombus • Embolism • Aneurysm

  8. 10 Congenital Heart Disease: • Babies born with a hole in septum, imperfectly formed blood vessels, valvular damage, or left ventricular imperfections Rheumatic Heart Disease: • Results from bacterial infection ‘streptococcus’, which causes damage to heart valves Angina Pectoris: • Chest pain resulting from insufficient supply of blood (oxygen) to heart muscle Peripheral Artery Disease: • Disease of the extremities in which blood supply is diminished resulting in lack of nutrients/oxygen to arms/legs

  9. 10 RISK FACTORS FOR CVD • Age • Genetics • Race • Obesity • Smoking • Drugs • Hypertension • Elevated Cholesterol • Sedentary Lifestyle • Diabetes • Menopause • Oral Contraceptives

  10. 10 GENDER DIFFERENCES OF CVD • Prevalence of CHD higher in men • Approximately equal number of deaths • Incidence is much higher in men at earlier ages • Incidence in women increases after menopause • Symptoms and signs vary among genders • Women more likely to have a recurrent attack • Women more likely to die from heart attack RACIAL DIFFERENCES OF CVD • CVD death rate higher in African American women than in white women

  11. 10 CANCER MAIN GROUPS OF CANCER • Carcinoma • Sarcoma • Leukemia • Lymphoma • Hepatoma • Melanoma • Neuroblastoma

  12. 10 BREAST CONDITIONS Benign Breast Diseases: • Fibrocystic Breast Disease • Hyperplasia • Fibroadenoma Breast Cancer: • 5 Levels • Stage I: <2cm in size, localized • Stage II: 2-5cm in size, localized • Stage III: >5cm in size, grown into chest wall, skin, or lymph nodes • Stage IV: Growth spread to other parts of body

  13. 10 Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: • Gender • Age • Family history • Never had children • Had firs child after 30 yrs. • Early menarche (before 12) • Late menopause (after 55) • Oral contraceptive use • Hormone Replacement Therapy • Higher breast density

  14. 10 Breast Cancer Screening: The Mammogram

  15. 10 GYNECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Benign Cervical Changes: • Polyps • Cervical Dysplasia Cervical Cancer: • Stages 0-IV • Screening = Pap Smear • Risk Factors: • Human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, immunosuppressant drugs, early sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, >4 pregnancies • Treatment: • Cyrosurgery, Cone biopsy, laser cone biopsy

  16. 10 Benign Uterine Conditions: • Fibroids • Adenomyosis • Endometrial Hyperplasia • Endometriosis Malignant Uterine Tumors: • 4 Stages • Screening: Pelvic exam, transvaginal ultrasound, endometrial biopsy • Risk Factors • Age, high levels of estrogen, obesity, diabetes, failure to ovulate, history of infertility, family history, using Tamoxifen • Treatment • Hysterectomy, surgery, radiotherapy, progesterone

  17. 10 Benign Ovarian Growths: • Cysts • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Ovarian Cancer: • 4 Stages • Screening: Pap smear, transvaginal ultrasound, blood test • Risk Factors • Reproductive tract history, no children, early menstruation, late menopause, pregnancy after age 30, oral contraceptives, previous cancer, long-term use of fertility drug Clomiphene Citrate • Treatment • Hysterectomy, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy

  18. 10 OTHER CANCERS Lung Cancer Colorectal Cancer Skin Cancer Comparison of Estimated New Cancer Cases and deaths, U.S. Women, 1999

  19. 10 INFORMED DECISION MAKING SCREENING TESTS FOR WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGES

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