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Shahzeeb Akhtar Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany. Knowledge networks. Agenda. Conceptual Work Knowledge and its Forms Learning and Innovation Communities and Networks Knowledge and Problems Implementation. 1. Conceptual Work.
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Shahzeeb Akhtar Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany Knowledgenetworks
Agenda • Conceptual Work • Knowledge andits Forms • Learning and Innovation • Communities and Networks • Knowledge and Problems • Implementation
1. Conceptual Work • Master´sthesis (2007) in thefieldofEconomicGeographywiththetopic „How do corporations in quicklychangingand knowledge intensive servicesectorenvironmentsoptimizetheirinformation- and knowledge flow?“
2. Knowledge andits Forms • Codified vs. non-codified knowledge • Possessed vs. practised knowledge • Individual vs. collective knowledge • Genereral vs. specific knowledge
Acknowledgementof Knowledge in Organizations • Knowledge = Accumulationofinformation? • Can every knowledge becodified? • Knowledge only on individual basis? • Is thereonlypossessed knowledge?
Structuresof Knowledge transfer • Formalizedstructure • Informal structure • Infrastructure
3. Learning and Innovation RelationshipbetweenKnowlegde, Learning andInnovations • Active knowledge exchange • Learning effects (createnew knowledge) • Innovations (bynewpossiblecombinations)
Individual learning – in „Routines“ • Talent • Intelligence • Intensity • Discipline
Collective learning – in „Communities“ • Learning based on engagement • Learning based on alignment • Learning based on imagination
„Seven Cs ofEffective Communication“ • Completeness • Conciseness • Consideration • Concreteness • Correctness • Courtesy • Clarity
Innovations „Sparks of Innovation are triggered by the confrontation, combination, fusion, transformation of different forms of knowledge.“ Amin/Cohendet, Architectures of Knowledge (2004)
Learning by searching(in an organizational search) • Learning by doing andlearning by using (in a trial-and-errorexperimentation) • Learning through training and learning by hiring (external job rotation) • Learning byinteracting(socialprocesseswithin a group)
4. Communities and Networks Nonaka´s 4-step model of knowledge generation in „Communities of Practice“ • Non-codified knowledge issharedamongeachotherwhilesocializing • Through articulation, non-codified knowledge becomescodified • New codified knowledge becomesstandardizedbycombiningitwiththeold • Codified knowledge becomes non-codifiedbyusingitandgettingusedtoit
Embedding knowledge in networks • Relational Embeddedness: 2 actors, developmentoftrust • StructuralEmbeddedness: Severalactors, developmentofreputationamongothers
Network structures • Open networks (not everyoneisconnectedtoeachother) • Closednetworks (everyoneisconnectedtoeachother)
5. Knowledge and Problems • Transfering knowledge overspatialdistances • Knowledge boundtopersons • Opportunism • Moral hazard • Political behavior
Nash-Pareto-Problem • Pareto-Equilibrium • Nash-Equilibrium • Nash-Pareto or Pareto-Nash
6. Implementation Implementing a networklikeWikipediaand MindManager will avoidproblemslike: • Spatialdistances – technicalnetworks • Moral Hazard – informationubiquitious • Existanceoftoomuch non-codified knowledge – feedingthe knowledge base
Implementing a socialnetwork for knowledge transferislikelytoavoid: • Opportunism • Politics • Misunderstandings byinteraction
Using a proper implemented knowledge networkleadstohigherproductivitythrough • Saving • Extending • Governing • Sharing Knowledge
