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Personality Factors and Stress

Lesson 12. Personality Factors and Stress. Starter. Are some people more likely to get stressed than others? Why?. Learning Objectives To work as part of a group to carry out a piece of research about personality and stress. Success Criteria

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Personality Factors and Stress

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  1. Lesson 12 Personality Factors and Stress

  2. Starter • Are some people more likely to get stressed than others? Why?

  3. Learning Objectives • To work as part of a group to carry out a piece of research about personality and stress. Success Criteria • Compile a set of research resources in order to create a collage next lesson. • Produce an answer to practice question. Challenge Criteria Create a glossary of key terms for personality and stress.

  4. Type A PersonalitySomeone who wants to achieve more and more in less time • Friedman and Rosenman (1959) outlined three major characteristics: • Competitive and achievement striving • Impatient and time urgent • Hostile and aggressive • These characteristics lead to raised blood pressure and raised stress hormones which can lead to CHD. • Type B personality is said to be laid back, patient, and easy-going. • Friedman and Rosenman set up the Western Collaborative Group Study in 1960. An interview was conducted in a provocative manner to 3000 men aged 39-59 to try to elicit the Type A personality. Findings were alarming; after 8.5 years twice as many ‘Type A’ had died of cardiovascular problems and 12% had a heart attack; also had higher BP and cholesterol.

  5. Evaluation of Personality Ragland and Brand (1988) did a follow-up of the Western Collaborative Group in 1982-3; 22 years after the first study. Found that 214 (15%) had died of CHD. This shows the importance of CHD risk factors (age, smoking, high BP); but found little evidence of the link between Type A and mortality. Riska (2002) stated that the preoccupation with the Type A personality led to a male-dominated, competitive and masculine society; if women were to succeed they needed to adopt these ‘masculine’ behaviours.

  6. Hardy PersonalityThis personality can provide protection against the negative effects of stress. • Kobasa and Maddi (1977) suggested some people are more psychologically healthy than others. The characteristics of the hardy personality are: • Control – hardy are more in control • Commitment – hardy are more involved in the world around them • Challenge – hardy see challenges as something to be overcome, not as a threat • Kobasa (1979) studied 800 US business executives using the SRRS. 150 were rated as high stress on the scale; of these 150 some had a high illness score, some low. Kobasa suggested the hardy personality encourages resilience; the high-stress/low-illness individuals had all characteristics of the hardy personality. • Lifton et al (2006) found students low on hardiness were more likely to drop out.

  7. Evaluation of the Hardy Personality  Most data collected for the hardy personality have used self-report questionnaires. Recent efforts have used the Personal Views Survey. This new questionnaire addresses the issues raised on the original measure, such as long and awkward wording and negatively worded items.  But all is not solved; some items on the questionnaire have low internal validity measuring ‘challenge’ as a hardy component.  In the 1990s Gulf War, those with a hardy personality were better at coping with combat-related stress with no negative side effects such as PTSD.

  8. See page 18... Task • Gather evidence to create a collage about personality factors and stress. • You need to find articles about individuals or groups of people who are have either a Type A or B personality, or who have a hardy personality.  • You could also create your own case studies of the different personality types. • In your collage you could also include elements of a questionnaire designed to test hardiness (originally by Kobasa) http://www.mhhe.com/catalogs/sem/hhp/faculty/labs /index.mhtml?file=/catalogs/sem/hhp/labs/stress/04 or the personality type questionnaire (originally by Friedman and Rosenman) http://discoveryhealth.queendom. com/questions/type_a_personality_1.html • The collage will include psychological evidence that you have in your booklet, textbook or that you have found on the internet. The collage should be annotated throughout, and must contain evaluation commentary.   • The best collages will be displayed in the classroom.

  9. Finally • Complete and hand in the questions at the bottom of page 18.

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