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“The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”

“The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”. Albert Einstein. How does learning take place?. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgJc0zmWHL8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=H8oQBYw6xxc&NR= 1. What is learning ?.

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“The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.”

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  1. “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.” Albert Einstein

  2. How does learning take place? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgJc0zmWHL8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=H8oQBYw6xxc&NR=1

  3. What is learning? • “A relatively permanent change in an organism’s behaviour due to experience”.

  4. How do you learn? • Three different types: • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Social learning/Observational learning

  5. Classical conditioning • Experiment  - Who would like to get wet…? • Ivan Pavlov (1849 – 1936) • Originally studied how much dogs salivated during digestion • Noticed that dogs started salivating at the sight of food… • …so he started varying the stimuli before feeding

  6. Pavlov’s Dogs

  7. Little Albert • John B. Watson (1878 – 1958) • Little Albert experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE

  8. Little Albert • Before conditioning: UCS UCR (Fear)

  9. Little Albert • Before conditioning: Neutral stimulus No fear

  10. Little Albert • During conditioning: UCS Neutral stimulus UCR (Fear)

  11. Little Albert • After conditioning: CS CR (Fear)

  12. Classical conditioning • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfZfMIHwSkU

  13. Classical conditioning • What is an example of classical conditioning? • For each example, name the following: • US – unconditioned stimulus • UR – unconditioned response • Neutral stimulus • CS – conditioned stimulus • CR – conditioned response

  14. Classical conditioning • Initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship - Acquisition • How much time should elapse between presenting the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?

  15. Acquisition • The CR grows stronger as the CS and US are repeatedly paired Strong CR Acquisition (CS + US) Weak CR (CS + US) Time

  16. Classical conditioning • What happens if the CS occurs repeatedly without the US? Response diminishes when the CS no longer signals the US – Extinction

  17. Extinction Strong CR Acquisition:(CS + US) Extinction (CS alone): CR weakens as the CS is presented alone Weak CR Time (CS + US)

  18. Classical conditioning • After a pause in time, the CS is sounded again with the US. What happens? -The CR reappears – Spontaneous recovery -Extinction suppressed the CR, but did not eliminate it

  19. Spontaneous Recovery Strong CR 1. Acquisition:(CS + US) 2. Extinction (CS alone) 3. Spontaneous recovery of CR 4. Extinction (CS alone) Pause Time Weak CR (CS + US)

  20. Classical conditioning • What do you think happened when Pavlov used a slightly different sounding tone than the original CS? (i.e., a metronome vs. a buzzer) Dogs still responded to the stimuli – Generalization

  21. Generalization • Applications for generalization? • Human health and well-being – former drug users • Toddlers fearing vehicles

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