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Fungi

Fungi. Chapter 31. Fungi - heterotrophs - eat by absorbing nutrients - by secreting enzymes to outside which digest food around them; fungi absorbs food. Fungi composed of hyphae - make up fungi’s mycelium (feeding network). Fungi multicellular - hyphae divided by septa.

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi Chapter 31

  2. Fungi - heterotrophs - eat by absorbing nutrients - by secreting enzymes to outside which digest food around them; fungi absorbs food. • Fungi composed of hyphae - make up fungi’s mycelium (feeding network)

  3. Fungi multicellular - hyphae divided by septa. • Septa have pores to allow transfer of material from one to another. • Parasitic fungi adapted to attack host by burrowing into host with haustoria.

  4. Fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually. • Spores produced and released from parent fungi. • Sexual reproduction - parent’s cytoplasm fuse together (plasmogamy). • Haploid nuclei then fuse together (karyogamy)

  5. Diversity • Phylum Chytridiomycota – chytrids - aquatic fungi that can be parasitic. • Cell walls made of chitin - most primitive fungi; probably evolved from protists that had flagella.

  6. Phylum Zygomycota –zygote fungi -mostly terrestrial; can form mutualistic relationships with plants (mycorrhizae). • Unfavorable conditions - can form resistant spores to wait until conditions are favorable before germination.

  7. Phylum Ascomycota – sac fungi - found everywhere. • Most live in mutualistic relationship with algae - lichen. • Fungi keep sexual stage in fruiting body - asocarp.

  8. Phylum Basidiomycota – club fungi -mushrooms. • Reproduce by fruiting bodies - basidiocarps. • Asexual reproduction very uncommon.

  9. Other types • Molds fast growing, asexual fungi. • Mold refers to early asexual stage of fungus not classified into phylum. • Yeasts reproduce asexually - fungus that inhabits water and is unicellular.

  10. Lichen result of relationship between algae and fungus. • Alga gives fungus food; fungus gives alga place to grow and protection. • Mycorrhizae result of relationship between plant roots and fungi. • Help increase surface area for absorption to take place.

  11. Fungal impacts • Fungi important to ecosystem - help to break down inorganic nutrients that plants can use. • Percentage of fungi parasitic and contribute to damaging crops and various plant species. • Can also cause skin infections in humans.

  12. Fungi used for food (mushrooms, cheeses), components of soda, antibiotics, and in bread making and brewing (yeasts).

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