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The Factory System and Living & Working Conditions

The Factory System and Living & Working Conditions. Chapter 13 Section 2 and 3. I.) Machines Change the Workforce. Unskilled workers learned to operate machine in a few days Women and Children 1. could operate machines 2. did not expect high wages 3. did not have set work habit

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The Factory System and Living & Working Conditions

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  1. The Factory System and Living & Working Conditions Chapter 13 Section 2 and 3

  2. I.) Machines Change the Workforce • Unskilled workers learned to operate machine in a few days • Women and Children 1. could operate machines 2. did not expect high wages 3. did not have set work habit • Skilled workers find it tough to find work

  3. II.) Wage System • Everyone employed by factory owner • Paid based on: 1. hours worked 2. amount produced 3. number of workers available 4. cost to make product 5. wages of comparable jobs • Men paid higher than women • Little opportunity for advancement

  4. III.) Working Conditions in Factories A. Strict rules or face loss of pay B. Unsanitary conditions C. Unsafe conditions D. 14 hr days & 6 days a week

  5. IV.) Working Class Living Conditions • Workers lived crowded single family apartment buildings called tenements • Dirty and Smelly • Small diets

  6. V.) Life of the Middle Class • Rise of Industry and Cities = Rise of Middle Class Examples: bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, professors, and factory managers • Based on economic standing rather than birth • Lifestyle: 1. larger homes in less crowded neighborhood 2. men wore suits & women wore frills and lace 3. owned property, ate well, owned servants 4. children attended schools 5. leaders sought their advice

  7. VI.) Women in the Industrial Revolution • Women’s role changes when moved to city • Many took jobs in textile mills or factories • Others domestic service (maids, cooks, nannies) • Middle Class women did not need to work Overall Results: - independence - earned a living - colleges created

  8. VII.) The Role of the Factory • Division of Labor- factory owners divided manufacturing process between workers & machines Result: - more produced in shorter time - lowers cost of production - increased profits

  9. Interchangeable Parts: parts made by machines which were all alike Results: - quicker production - easy to create by unskilled labor • Mass Production: system of producing large numbers of identical items • Assembly Line: all products brought together and assembled at one location from worker to worker Example: Henry Ford’s production of the automobile

  10. VIII.) Rise of the Corporation • Sole Proprietorship: a business owned an run by one person • Partnership: a business owned and run by two or more people • Corporation: a business which allows people to buy stock in the company and run by a director elected by stockholders Result: - easier to raise money needed to run and expand the business - J.P. Morgan: founder of United States Steel Company and first billion-dollar corporation

  11. Monopoly: a corporation that gains complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service • Cartel: corporations which control entire industries • Business Cycle: pattern of alternating cycles of prosperity and decline • Depression: period in which the decreased demand for goods causes the economy to sink

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